Cursing in America

Name: Cursing in America | A psycholinguistic study of dirty language in the courts, in the movies, in the schoolyards and on the streets
Brand: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Price: 60.49 EUR
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A psycholinguistic study of dirty language in the courts, in the movies, in the schoolyards and on the streets

Timothy Jay(Autor*in)

John Benjamins Publishing Company

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 1. Januar 1992

VIII, 272 Seiten

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Inhalt

CURSING IN AMERICA
Title page
LCC data
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
Detailed Table of Contents
Chapter 1. What Are "Dirty" Words?
Cursing
Profanity
Blasphemy
Taboo
Obscenity
Vulgarity
Slang
Epithets
Insults and slurs
Scatology
What Is the Value of Classification?
Connotative and Denotative Usage
Colorful Metaphors
Context is critical
Time perspective
Summary
Chapter 2. When Children Use Dirty Words
Language Development
The Language of Infancy (Birth to Two Years)
Anger and Dirty Words in Infancy
The Origins of Humor
Pre-School Humor.
Some Final Thoughts About Infants
The Language of Childhood (Two to Eleven Years)
Childhood Humor
Elementary School Humor.
Childhood Name Calling and Insulting
Object Naming
Childhood Story Telling
From Childhood to Adolescence: Final Thoughts
Two General Issues of Sex Talk and Language at School
The "Etiquette" of Dirty Words and Sex Talk
Conclusions About Sex Talk
The Issue of Dirty Language at School
The Emergence of an Obscene Lexicon
Field Study One
Field Study Two: Summer Camp (Hall & Jay, 1988)
Summary of Field Studies
Conclusion
Chapter 3. Anger and Dirty Words
Anger Expressed Through Cursing or Blasphemy
Anger Expressed Through Reference to Subnormal Thought
Anger Expressed Through Obscenity
Anger Expressed Through Reference to a Sex Organ
Anger Expressed Through Reference to Deviant Sexual Act
Anger Expressed Through Reference to Being Sexually Violated
Anger Expressed Through Reference to Social-Sexual Deviation
Anger Expressed Through Racial-Ethnic Reference
Anger Expressed Through Scatology
Anger Expressed Through Reference to Body Product or Process
Anger Expressed Through Items Associated with Body Products
Anger Expressed Through References to Animals
Anger ExpressedThroughReference to Animal Feces
The Context of Anger Expression
Social-Physical Setting
Speaker-Listener Variable
Discussion
The Etiquette of Anger Expression with Taboo Words
A Five-Stage Model of Anger
Stage 1: The Offending Event
Stage 2: The Degree of Anger
Stage 3: Attempts to Control Anger
Stage 4: Loss of Control
Stage 5: Retribution
The Value of Expressing Anger
Summary
Chapter 4. The Frequency of Dirty Word Usage
Why Word Frequency?
The Frequency Estimation Problem: Why There Are No Dirty Words
Counting Oral Frequency: Almost Good Enough
A Frequency Count of Students' Colloquial English (Jay, 1980a)
College Sample of Dirty Words
Elementary School Dirty Words
Discussion
Field Studies Versus Laboratory Studies
A Field Study of Offensive Speech
The Contextual Approach
Method
Results
Discussion
Laboratory Studies of Offensive Speech
Jay 1977 Ratings
Method
Results
The Massachusetts Study (1978)
Word List
Method
Results
A Matter of Semantics
Of Words and Deeds
Conclusion
Chapter 5. The Offensiveness of Words: Sex and Semantics
Purpose of the Chapter
Offensiveness versus Offendedness
The Massachusetts 1978 Ratings
Aggressive Content
Sexual Content
Body Functions and Body Products
Racial Slurs
God is Dead: Have Religious Terms Lost Their Clout?
Validity of The Ratings
The Relation Between Frequency and Offensiveness
Gender, Research and Word Ratings
Conclusions About the Semantics of Offensiveness
Offendednes
Perceptual Defense & Gender
Physiological Reactions - Pupillary Response
Personality, Gender & Dirty Word Reactions
Sexual Repression
Religion.
Offendedness: A Few Conclusions
Gender-Related Insults
Of Friends and Strangers
A Short Dictionary of Gender-Specific Insults
Words That Will Insult Males
Words That Will Insult Females
Conclusions
Other Studies Reporting Gender Differences
Jokes
Story Telling
The Dozens
Hostile and Aggressive Vocabulary
Taboo Vocabulary
Attitudes about Using Taboo Words
Sex Roles, Sex Differences and Dirty Word Usage
Procedure
Results
Discussion
Verbal Sexual Harassment
Harassment and Power
Harassing the Boss
Protected Speech
Unprotected Speech
Summary and Conclusion
Chapter 6. Free Speech and Censorship
First consider the First Amendment:
Imminent danger.
Defaming Speech and Libel.
Fighting Words.
Obscene Speech.
A Case of "Fighting Words
The Doctrine of Fighting Words
The Buffkins v. City of Omaha Case
Previous Federal Court Cases
The Laws of the City of Omaha and State of Nebraska
Psychological and Psycholinguistic Background
Final Notes on the Buffkins Case
Restrictions on Media
Cable Television.
Dial-a-porn.
The Party Line.
Obscene Phone Calls.
Computer Networks.
Audio Recordings.
Conclusion
The Evolution of Cursing in American Film
Language Restrictions in American Films
The Church
The Film Industry
Video Movies.
A Study of Cursing in American Films 1939-1989
Experimental Hypotheses
Method
Results and Discussion
Analysis Two
Results
General Discussion
Methodological Issues
Chapter 7. Unfinished Business and Future Research with Dirty Words
Some Unfinished Business
Verbal Sexual Harassment.
Fighting Words and Disorderly Conduct.
Media Content, Restrictions and Impact.
Aggression and Deviance.
Humor and Comic Strips.
The Relation between Spoken Language and Other Forms of Expression
Graffiti.
Nonverbal Gestures.
Race and Ethnicity
Language of the Elderly
Neurological and Physiological Issues
Health and Communication
Cognitive Psychology and Linguistic Disciplines
Social Forces
Improved Methodology
Sampling.
Materials.
Setting.
Conclusion
Chapter 8 - Bibliography
Summary
References
Index of Topics

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