List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Stress-Strain Curve for a Typical Steel Figure 1.2 Stress-Strain Curve for a Typical Aluminum Figure 1.3 Stress-Strain Curve for a Typical Metallic Material Figure 1.4 Material Grain Direction for a Typical Metallic Material Figure 1.5 Stress-Strain Curve for typical Brittle Material (Glass, Cast Iron, and Composites) Figure 1.6 Stress Analysis Approach Figure 2.1 Semimonocoque Airframe Construction Figure 2.2 Shear-Tie and Floating Frames Figure 2.3 The Wing Construction Figure 2.4 Metallic Wing Spars Configurations Figure 2.5 Metallic Truss Wing Spars Configurations Figure 2.6 Ribs Inside the Aircraft Wings Figure 2.7 The Vertical Stabilizer Construction Figure 2.8 The Major Component Construction of a Helicopter Figure 2.9 The SpaceX Dragon Cargo Craft and the Canadarm2 Robotic Arm Figure 2.10 The Cygnus Cargo Craft from Northrop Grumman Figure 2.11 The Lunar Module with Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Figure 2.12 Centroid of an Object Figure 2.13 The 2D State of Stress for an Inclined Angle Figure 2.14 Mohr's Circle Figure 3.1 FEA Model of the Aircraft Buildup Figure 3.2 FEA Model of the Aircraft Bay Frame for Buckling Figure 3.3 Total Displacement at the Different Rocket Engine Layers due to Propellant Burn Figure 3.4 Galley Mode Shapes at Its First Two Resonance Frequencies Figure 3.5 Simulated Buckling of a Beam Member Figure 3.6 CAD Model to FEA Model Figure 3.7 Free-body Loads on a Beam Frame from FEA Model Figure 3.8 Output Listing of Loads on a Beam Frame from FEA Model Figure 3.9 The Rod "Truss" Member at an Inclined Angle Figure 3.10 The Truss Assembly System Finite Element Model Figure 3.11 The Beam Member Deformation Figure 3.12 The Torsional Deformation of a Beam Figure 3.13 (a) Free-Mesh and (b) High-Density Free-Mesh Using Membrane Shell Elements Figure 3.14 (a) High Aspect Ratio Mapped-Mesh. (b) Low Aspect Ratio Mapped-Mesh Using Membrane Shell Elements Figure 3.15 Von Mises Stress Levels Around the Plate Hole Radius for Different Meshes Figure 3.16 Typical Bolt Sections Figure 3.17 FEA Model of a Typical Wing Under Applied Loading Figure 3.18 Deflection Contours of a Typical Wing Under Applied Loading Figure 3.19 Beam Stress Contours of a Typical Wing Under Applied Loading Figure 3.20 Plate Stress Contours of a Typical Wing Under Applied Loading Figure 3.21 Facing Orthotropic Material Card Figure 3.22 Core Orthotropic Material Card Figure 3.23 Composite Honeycomb Sandwich Builtup Layup Card Figure 3.24 Sandwich Composite Element Properties Card Figure 3.25 Sandwich Composite Mesh Modeling Figure 3.26 Boundary Constraints for the Lavatory Attachment Interface Nodes Figure 3.27 Boundary Constraints for the Lavatory Attachment Interface Nodes Figure 3.28 FEA Model of the Aircraft Lavatory Shell Structure Figure 3.29 Failure Index Results Contour of the Aircraft Lavatory Shell Structure (F.I. > 1.00 is failure) Figure 5.1 Concentrated Loading on a Beam Structure Figure 5.2 Distributed Loading on a Beam Structure Figure 5.3 Gradually Increasing Distributed Loading on a Beam Structure Figure 5.4 Moment or Coupled Loading on a Beam Structure Figure 5.5 Beam Boundary Conditions Figure 5.6 Beam Free-Body Diagram Figure 5.7 Shear-Moment Diagram Figure 5.8 The Bending of the Beam Between z- and y-Axes Figure 5.9 Transverse Shear of the Beam Cross Section Figure 5.10 Beam Cross Section First Moment of Area Segment Figure 5.11 The "I" Beam Shear-Stress Distribution Figure 5.12 The "T" Beam Shear-Stress Distribution Figure 5.13 The "C-Channel" Beam Cross Section Figure 5.14 The "C-Channel" Beam Shear-Stress Distribution Figure 5.15 The "Box" Beam Under Torsion Figure 5.16 Wing Ribs System Figure 7.1 Long Rectangular Membrane with Four Sides Clamped Figure 7.2 Long Rectangular Membrane with Long Sides Clamped Figure 7.3 Short Rectangular Membrane Clamped on Four Sides Figure 7.4 Coefficients (n) of Stress Equations Figure 7.5 Plate Buckling Coefficients Kc Figure 7.6 Long Plate Buckling Coefficients Kc Simply Supported Figure 7.7 Long Plate Buckling Coefficients Kc-Fixed Supported Figure 7.8 Wide Plate Buckling Coefficients Kc Simply Supported Figure 7.9 Wide Plate Buckling Coefficients Kc-Fixed Supported Figure 7.10 Stiffened Shear-Resistant Beam Figure 7.11 Shear Coefficient of Buckling Ks Figure 7.12 Fscr vs. Fscr/n for Aluminum Figure 7.13 Riveted Plates Figure 7.14 Beam Under Diagonal Tension Figure 7.15 Thin Shell with Frame Rings and Stringers Figure 7.16 Frame Rings Cross Section Figure 7.17 Shear Web Beam with Cutouts Figure 7.18 Shear Web Beam with Cutouts and Stiffeners Figure 7.19 The General S-N Curve for Steel...