Horticultural Reviews, Volume 41

Name: Horticultural Reviews, Volume 41
Brand: Wiley-Blackwell
Price: 210.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Jules Janick(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-Blackwell (Verlag)

Erschienen am 4. November 2013

562 Seiten

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978-1-118-70568-1 (ISBN)

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Horticultural Reviews
Contents
Contributors
Dedication: Philipp W. Simon
1. Circadian Regulation of Horticultural Traits: Integration of Environmental Signals
I. Introduction
II. General Structure of the Plant Circadian Clock
A. Arabidopsis
B. Clock Genes in Crops
III. Environmental Inputs
A. Light
B. Temperature
IV. Control of Plant Growth and Morphogenesis
A. Plant Hormones and Circadian Clock
B. Seed Development and Germination
C. Flowering Time
D. Winter Dormancy
E. Tuberization
F. Productivity
G. Primary Metabolism
H. Starch Metabolism
I. Photosynthesis
J. Scent Production
V. Adaptation to Biotic and Abiotic Stress
A. Pathogen Resistance
B. Cold Sensing and Cold Tolerance
VI. Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited
2. Response of Perennial Horticultural Crops to Climate Change
I. Introduction
II. Response of Perennial Horticultural Crops with Abiotic Factors Associated with Climate Change
A. Elevated CO2
B. Ozone
C. Solar Radiation
III. Case Studies
A. Apples
1. Europe, South Africa, and Japan
2. United States
B. Grapes
1. Europe and Australia
2. United States
C. Banana/Plantain
1. Production
2. Disease
3. Nematodes
D. Citrus
1. Tropical Regions
2. United States
E. Cacao
F. Coffee
1. Production
2. Quality
3. Insects
IV. Adapation
A. General Concepts of Climate Change Adaptation
B. System-Level Adaptation Strategies in Perennial Cropping Systems
1. Genotypic Adaptation
2. Other Adaptation Strategies
3. Constraints and Trade-offs Related to Adaptation in Perennial Systems
4. Crop-Specific Adaptation Options
V. Future Research Needs
A. Cultivar Development
B. Yield and Quality Responses to Climatic Changes
C. Ecological Interactions in Cropping Systems
D. Disease and Insect Response to Climate Change
E. Reducing Production Costs
F. Chilling Requirements and Frost Damage in Temperate Crops
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited
3. Nonchilling Physiological Rind Disorders in Citrus Fruit
I. Introduction
II. Citrus Rind Disorders
A. Terminology
B. Symptomology
III. Rind Anatomy and Histological Characteristics
IV. Causes of Physiological Rind Disorders of Citrus Fruit
A. Preharvest Factors
1. Scion Cultivar and Rootstock
2. Canopy Position
3. Fruit Maturity
4. Fruit Mineral Nutrition
5. Rainfall and FruitWater Potential
B. Postharvest Factors
1. Water Loss
2. PostharvestWax Application
3. Ethylene
V. Molecular and Physiological Basis of Physiological Rind Disorders
VI. Techniques for Inducing Rind Disorders
VII. Prospects for Future Research
VIII. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited
4. Fruit Splitting in Citrus
I. Introduction
A. Problem and Overview
B. Cultivars Particularly Susceptible to Split
C. Fruit Splitting in Other Horticultural Crops
II. Physiology of Citrus Fruit Splitting
A. Relationship Between Fruit Growth, Resulting Shape, and Splitting
B. Splitting as Related to Rind Characteristics
III. Causes of Citrus Fruit Splitting
A. Cultural
1. Mineral Nutrition
2. Hormonal Imbalances
3. Rainfall and Irrigation
4. Crop Load
5. Canopy Position Microclimate
B. Environmental
1. Temperature
2. Humidity
IV. Reducing Citrus Fruit Splitting
A. Foliar Mineral Nutrient Applications
1. Potassium
2. Calcium
B. Foliar-Applied Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) Applications
1. Gibberellic Acid (GA3)
2. Synthetic Auxin: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid (2,4-D)
3. Combination of PGRs and Mineral Nutrients as Foliar Treatments
C. Managing PlantWater Relations
D. Thinning
V. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited
5. Postharvest Biology and Technology of Ber Fruit
I. Introduction
II. Fruit Composition and Nutritional Variability
III. Physiological and Biochemical Changes During Maturation and Ripening
A. Maturity Indices
B. Physiological Changes
1. Respiration
2. Ethylene Production
3. Total Soluble Solids
4. Acids
5. Ascorbic Acid
6. Sugar
7. Phenols
8. Volatiles
9. Proteins
10. Enzymes
11. Cell Ultrastructure
IV. Preharvest Treatments to Extend Shelf Life
A. Calcium Compounds
B. Growth Regulators
C. Fungicides
V. Postharvest Handling and Technology
A. Fruit Ripening
B. Grading
C. Cold and HotWater Treatments
D. Fungicides
E. KMnO4
F. Ozone
G. Growth Regulators
H. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)
I. Coating
J. Irradiation
K. Packaging
L. Ambient Storage
M. Storage in Zero Energy Cool Chamber
N. Low-Temperature Storage
VI. Postharvest Diseases and Disorders
A. Disease
B. Disorders
1. Fruit Cracking
2. Chilling Injury
VII. Summary and Future Prospects
Literature Cited
6. Peach Texture
I. Introduction
II. Fruit Texture
A. Defining Fruit Texture
B. Fruit Texture on a Cellular Level
1. CellWalls
2. Membranes
C. Evaluating Fruit Texture
III. Peach Texture
A. Introduction to Peach Texture
B. Measuring Peach Texture
1. Destructive Testing
2. Nondestructive Testing
C. Peach Ripening and Its Relationship to Texture
IV. Peach Flesh Types
A. Introduction
B. Melting Flesh
C. Stony Hard
D. Nonmelting Flesh
E. Nonsoftening Flesh
F. Slow Ripening
G. Pit Adherence
V. Ripening and the Enzymatic Effects on Peach Texture
A. Pectin and Flesh Softening
B. Ripening-Related Enzymes
1. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Synthase and Oxidase
2. Pectin Methylesterase
3. Polygalacturonase
4. ß-(1,4)-Glucanase
5. Additional Enzymes and Related Proteins
C. EndoPG and the Differentiation of Flesh Types
VI. Production and Handling Effects on Peach Texture
A. Irrigation and Pruning
B. Nutrient Management
C. Bruising
D. Cold Storage and Its Effects on Peach Texture
1. Mealiness
2. Methods for Limiting Mealiness
VII. Summary
Literature Cited
7. High-Density Olive Plantations
I. Introduction: Olive Growing in a Time of Change
II. Typologies of Olive Plantations
A. Discontinuous Canopy
1. Traditional Olive Grove (G)
2. Traditional Associated Orchards (TA)
3. Traditional Specialized Orchards (T)
4. Intensive Orchards (I)
B. Continuous Canopy (Hedgerow)
1. IrrigatedWide-Hedgerow Orchards (IWH)
2. Narrow Hedgerow Orchards (NH)
III. Effects of Density on Plant Performance
A. Size and Growth Habit of the Tree
B. Fruit Crop
C. Oil Rate
D. Oil Composition
E. Fruit Size and Quality
IV. Critical Factors for High-Density Orchards
A. Cultivars
1. Cultivars Used
2. Breeding
B. Irrigation
C. Training and Pruning Systems
1. Training
2. Canopy Shape
D. Intercepting Radiation: From Separated Trees to Continuous Canopy
1. Orchards of Spaced Trees
2. Hedgerow Orchards
3. Hedgerow Management
E. Plant Protection
1. The Case of VerticilliumWilt of Olive (VWO)
2. Other Diseases
3. Pest Incidence
F. Mechanical Harvesting
1. Fruit Removal from the Tree
2. Collection, Cleaning, and Transport of Fallen Fruits
3. Continuous Harvesters
V. Orchard Establishment Costs, Management Costs, and Economical Indices
A. Establishment Costs
B. Annual Costs
C. Economical Indices
VI. The Future
A. Impact of the New Planting Systems
B. The Need for Research and Development
1. Cultivar Field Trials
2. Breeding
3. Pests and Diseases
4. Canopy Management
C. Conservation of Cultivars and Rootstocks
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited
8. The Carob Tree: Botany, Horticulture, and Genetic Resources
I. Introduction
A. Origin, Domestication, and Distribution
B. World Production and Market
1. Production
2. Market
II. Botany
A. Taxonomy and Nomenclature
B. Morphology
1. Tree
2. Fruit and Seed
C. Reproductive Biology
D. Fruit Growth and Development
E. Ecology
1. Growing Periods
2. Climate
3. Soil
III. Horticulture
A. Propagation and Planting
B. Orchard Design
1. Layout
2. Pollinators
C. Training and Pruning
D. Soil Management
E. Nutrition and Fertilization
F. Irrigation
G. Pests and Diseases
H. Harvesting
I. Postharvest Processing
J. Yield
IV. Variability and Genetic Resources
A. Cultivars
1. Sex
2. Resistance to Environmental Stress
3. Production (Precocity, Yield, and Alternate Bearing)
4. Fruit Quality (Pulp and Seed)
5. Harvesting Ease
B. Descriptors
C. Conservation
D. Selection and Breeding
V. Properties and Uses
A. Pulp Composition and Properties
B. Seed Composition
C. Environmental Benefits
VI. Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited
9. Snake Gourd and Pointed Gourd: Botany and Horticulture
I. Introduction
II. The Genus Trichosantes
A. Origin and Distribution
B. Taxonomy
C. Cytogenetics
D. Medicinal Use
III. Snake Gourd
A. Quality Attributes and Human Nutrition
B. Reproductive Biology
C. Ecology
D. Culture
1. Propagation
2. Nutrient Management
3. Water Management
4. Training
5. Weed Management
6. Use of Growth Regulators
E. Harvest and Postharvest Management
F. Pests and Diseases
1. Melon Fly (Dacus cucurbitae)
2. 28-Spotted Potato Beetle (Epilachna vigintioctopunctata)
3. Red Pumpkin Beetle (Aulacophora foveicollis)
4. Mite (Tetranychus kanzawai)
5. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lagenarium)
6. Alternaria Blight (Alternaria cucumerina)
7. Downy Mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis)
8. Fruit Rots (Pythium aphanidermatum, P. butleri, P. debaryanum, and P. ultimatum)
9. Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus
10. Cucumber Mosaic Virus
G. Crop Improvement
1. Genetics
2. Plant Genetic Resources
3. Breeding
IV. Pointed Gourd
A. Quality Attributes and Human Nutrition
B. Reproductive Biology
C. Ecology (Climate and Soil)
D. Culture
1. Propagation
2. Nutrient Management
3. Water Management
4. Training
5. Weed Management
6. Pollination Problems
7. Growth Regulators
E. Harvest and Postharvest Management
F. Pests and Diseases
1. Melon Fly (D. cucurbitae)
2. White Fly (Bemisia tabaci)
3. Red Pumpkin Beetle (A. foveicollis)
4. Node Borer (Apomecyna saltator)
5. Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)
6. FusariumWilt
7. Stem and Fruit Rot
8. Powdery Mildew
9. Watermelon Mosaic Virus (WMV)
G. Crop Improvement
1. Genetics
2. Plant Genetic Resources
3. Breeding
V. Future Prospects
Literature Cited
Subject Index
Cumulative Subject Index
Cumulative Contributor Index
Color Plates

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