Continuous Casting of Steel

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Historical background 1.2 Description of the Continuous Casting Process and the Evolution of Machine Design 1.3 Advantages of Continuous Casting over Ingot Casting 2 LIQUID STEEL SUPPLY 2.1 General details 2.2 Compositional Control 2.3 Temperature Control in Ladle and Tundish 2.4 Tundish Technology 2.5 Ladle to Tundish Teeming 2.6 Tundish to Mould Teeming 3 MACHINE COMPONENTS, HEAT TRANSFER AND STRAND SOLIDIFICATION, 3.1 Mould Technology 3.2 Strand Support Systems and Secondary Cooling 3.3 Strand Straightening and Strand Withdrawal 3.4 Computer Simulation Models 4 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS AND FACTORS AFFECTING AS-CAST QUALITY 4.1 Categorisation of Final Products and the As-cast 4.2 Affect of Chemical, Process and Engineering Parameters on Surface Defects 4.3 Effect of Chemical, Process and Engineering Parameters on Internal Quality 4.4 Geometrical Defects 5 SPECIAL PROCESSES AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 5.1 Horizontal Casting 5.2 Beam Blank Casting 5.3 Thin Slab Casting 5.4 Strip Casting 6 PROCESS CONTROL AND ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT 6.1 Automatic On-line Process Control Systems Continuous Casting of Steel 6.2 On-Line Monitoring Systems 6.3 Off-Line Measuring