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Provides a solid foundation for understanding American agricultural history and offers new directions for research
A Companion to American Agricultural History addresses the key aspects of America's complex agricultural past from 8,000 BCE to the first decades of the twenty-first century. Bringing together more than thirty original essays by both established and emerging scholars, this innovative volume presents a succinct and accessible overview of American agricultural history while delivering a state-of-the-art assessment of modern scholarship on a diversity of subjects, themes, and issues.
The essays provide readers with starting points for their exploration of American agricultural history-whether in general or in regards to a specific topic-and highlights the many ways the agricultural history of America is of integral importance to the wider American experience. Individual essays trace the origin and development of agricultural politics and policies, examine changes in science, technology, and government regulations, offer analytical suggestions for new research areas, discuss matters of ethnicity and gender in American agriculture, and more. This Companion:
A Companion to American Agricultural History is an essential resource for introductory students and general readers seeking a concise overview of the subject, and for graduate students and scholars wanting to learn about a particular aspect of American agricultural history.
R. DOUGLAS HURT is a Professor of History at Purdue University. He served as President of the Agricultural History Society and is a former editor of Agricultural History, Missouri Historical Review, and Ohio History. Professor Hurt is the author and editor of numerous books including American Agriculture: A Brief History and Food and Agriculture during the Civil War.
Notes on Contributors ix
Introduction 1R. Douglas Hurt
Part I Regional 3
1 Native American Agriculture before European Contact 5Gayle Fritz
2 North American Colonial Agriculture 23Taylor Spence
3 Early National America, 1789-1830: Laying the Foundation for Nineteenth-Century Agricultural Growth 37James L. Huston
4 Agricultural Power and Production in Antebellum America 47Kelly Houston Jones
5 Making the Rural Midwest: Commodities and Communities 60J.L. Anderson
6 The Great Plains 75Thomas D. Isern
7 Post-Civil War Southern Agriculture 89Jeannie Whayne
8 Three Eras of California Agriculture: Wheat, Specialty Crops, Cotton 102David Vaught
9 American Indian Agriculture 115David H. DeJong
10 Cities and Agriculture in America 129Andrew C. Baker
Part II Science, Technology, and Environment 145
11 The Historians' Corner: American Agricultural Science 147Alan I Marcus
12 Agricultural Technology 161Paul Nienkamp
13 Plant Sciences: A Brief History 175Karen-Beth G. Scholthof
14 A Counterculture Agriculture: Organic Farming in a Commercial Food Age 188David D. Vail
15 Agricultural History's Agroecological Turn 200Mark D. Hersey and Albert G. Way
Part III Ethnicity and Gender 213
16 African Americans in Twentieth-Century Agriculture 215Cherisse Jones-Branch
17 Gender and Agriculture 229Sara Egge
18 Migrant Labor 244Nancy Gabin
Part IV Politics and Policy 255
19 Evolving Boundaries: "The People's Department" across Three Centuries 257Anne Effland
20 Agrarian Reform: The Grange, the Farmers' Alliance, and Populism 272Connie L. Lester
21 Agricultural Organization in the Twentieth Century: Progressives, Radicals, and Social Activists 286Nancy K. Berlage
22 The Development of American Agricultural Policy 300Jonathan Coppess
23 Irrigation, Reclamation, and Water Rights 314Brian Q. Cannon
24 Consumers, Producers, and the Shifting Logic of Food Safety 327Kendra Smith-Howard
25 Meatpacking 341Wilson J. Warren
26 Agribusiness 354Peter A. Coclanis
Part V Culture 371
27 Rural Life 373Megan Birk
28 Agriculture and Art 389Travis Nygard
29 Agriculture in US Literature 409Kathryn C. Dolan
30 The Blues, Country Music, and American Agriculture 421Joseph M. Thompson
31 Agriculture and Film 436Debra A. Reid
Bibliography 453Sara E. Morris
Index 551
J.L. Anderson is Professor of History at Mount Royal University, in Calgary, Alberta. He holds a PhD from Iowa State University and is the author of numerous publications, including Capitalist Pigs: Pigs, Pork, and Power in America (2019), Industrializing the Corn Belt: Agriculture, Technology, and Environment, 1945-1972 (2009), as well as an edited collection The Rural Midwest since World War II (2014). He is a past president of the Agricultural History Society.
Andrew C. Baker is Associate Professor of History at Texas A&M University-Commerce. He is the author of Bulldozer Revolutions: A Rural History of the Metropolitan South (2018) and has published award-winning articles in Environmental History and Agricultural History. His work focuses on the interactions between the built environment, cultivated landscapes, and the natural environment. He is currently researching a history of arsenic as mining waste, an agricultural chemical, and a common pollutant.
Nancy K. Berlage is Associate Professor of History and Director of the Public History Program at Texas State University. She is the recipient of numerous teaching, scholarship, and service awards, as well as fellowships and grants. Berlage previously published Farmers Helping Farmers: The Rise of the Farm and Home Bureaus, 1914-1935 (2016), which received several awards. She is currently completing a book project, Modernity, Memory and the Uses of the Past in Rural America. She received her BA from the University of Chicago and MA and PhD from Johns Hopkins University.
Megan Birk is an Associate Professor of History at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, specializing in rural social welfare and the Progressive Era. She is the author of numerous articles about child welfare and nineteenth-century institutional care. Her 2015 book Fostering on the Farm: Child Placement in the Rural Midwest won the Vincent P. DeSantis Prize, and her most recent book, The Fundamental Institution: Poverty, Social Welfare, and Agriculture in American Poor Farms (2022), details the methods of localized, indoor relief common in the rural US and their connections to agriculture.
Brian Q. Cannon is the Neil L. York Professor of History and Chair of the History Department at Brigham Young University, where he directed the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies for 15 years. He has served as president of the Agricultural History Society and on the editorial board of Agricultural History. He is the author of three books and numerous articles and book chapters dealing with agricultural, rural, and western American history, including Remaking the Frontier: Homesteading in the Modern West (2009), a history of agricultural settlement on federal irrigation projects.
Peter A. Coclanis is Albert R. Newsome Distinguished Professor of History and Director of the Global Research Institute at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill. He has been at UNC-Chapel Hill since 1984, the year he received his PhD in History from Columbia University. He works mainly in economic history, agricultural history, business history, and demographic history, and has published widely in these fields. He is past president and a Fellow of the Agricultural History Society.
Jonathan Coppess is on faculty at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, director of the Gardner Agriculture Policy Program, and author of The Fault Lines of Farm Policy: A Legislative and Political History of the Farm Bill (2018). Previously, he served as Chief Counsel for the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, Administrator of the Farm Service Agency at the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Legislative Assistant to Senator Ben Nelson. He grew up on his family's farm in western Ohio, earned his Bachelors' degree from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, and his Juris Doctor from The George Washington University Law School in Washington, DC.
David H. DeJong earned a Bachelor's degree in American history from Arizona State University and a Masters and doctorate in American Indian Law and Policy from the University of Arizona. His academic work focuses on Indian water rights and agricultural history, but more broadly on federal-Indian policy matters. He has published eight books, including his most recent publication by the University of Arizona Press, Diverting the Gila: The Florence-Casa Grande Project and the Pima Indians 1916-1928 (2021). He has also published more than twenty articles on federal-Indian policy. He has had the privilege of working for the Gila River Indian Community for more than 26 years, the past 16 years as Director of the Pima-Maricopa Irrigation Project, where he is implementing the largest Indian water settlement in North American history. He resides in Casa Grande, Arizona, with his wife and family.
Kathryn C. Dolan is an Associate Professor at Missouri University of Science and Technology, where she teaches and researches nineteenth-century US literature, food studies, global studies, and sustainability studies. Her book, Cattle Country: Livestock in the Cultural Imagination examines the significance of agriculture in US literature and policy through the nineteenth century. She has also published on the work of Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, Henry David Thoreau, and Louisa May Alcott, and teaches courses in early US literature, food studies in literature and culture, and US Gothic literature. She has also taught courses abroad in the UK and Costa Rica.
Sara Egge is Claude D. Pottinger Professor of History at Centre College, Kentucky. She is the author of Woman Suffrage and Citizenship in the Midwest, 1870-1920 (2018), which received the Gita Chaudhuri Prize for best book on rural women's history and the Benjamin Shambaugh Award for best book on Iowa history. She contributed a chapter to Equality at the Ballot Box: Votes for Women on the Northern Great Plains and has written numerous articles on rural women's activism. She has received grants in support of her teaching and research from the Kentucky Oral History Commission and the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Anne Effland received a PhD in Agricultural History and Rural Studies from Iowa State University and was a research historian, social scientist, and economist with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) from 1990 to 2020. Her research has included studies of farm and rural policy; rural labor, women, and minorities; and institutional history of the USDA. In addition to government reports, her work appears in Agricultural History, in several agricultural economics and food policy journals, and in edited collections. She is a Fellow of the Agricultural History Society and received the Society's Gladys L. Baker Award for lifetime achievement in agricultural history.
Gayle Fritz is an environmental archaeologist studying ancient plant remains, with special interests in the origins and spread of agriculture in the Americas. She taught in the Anthropology Department at Washington University in St. Louis for nearly three decades and currently holds the title of Professor Emerita. She has published in dozens of academic journals and peer-reviewed volumes. Her book, Feeding Cahokia (2019) covers early agriculture in the American heartland. She is an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Fellow and has received awards from the Society for American Archaeology, Southeastern Archaeological Conference, and Society for Economic Botany.
Nancy Gabin received a BA from Wellesley College and a PhD from the University of Michigan. As a faculty member in the Department of History at Purdue University, she taught courses in American women's history, labor history, and modern America. Cornell University Press published Feminism in the Labor Movement: Women and the United Auto Workers, 1935-1970 (1990). Articles on women, work, and the labor movement have appeared in Labor History, Feminist Studies, and the Indiana Magazine of History as well as in anthologies and encyclopedias including Work Engendered: Toward a New History of American Labor, Midwestern Women, and The American Midwest.
Mark D. Hersey is an Associate Professor of History at Mississippi State University where he directs the Center for the History of Agriculture, Science, and the Environment of the South (CHASES). He is the author of My Work Is That of Conservation: An Environmental Biography of George Washington Carver (2011), along with numerous articles and essays. He co-edited A Field on Fire: The Future of Environmental History (2019), and currently serves as the co-editor of Environmental History.
R. Douglas Hurt is a Professor of History at Purdue University. He is a former editor of Agricultural History, the Missouri Historical Review, and Ohio History. Hurt is a former president of the Agricultural History Society, and a current Fellow of the Society. Among his books are: American Agriculture: A Brief History; Agriculture and the Confederacy: Policy, Productivity, and Power in the Civil War South; Agriculture and Slavery in Missouri's Little Dixie; The Great Plains during World War II; The Big Empty: The Great Plains in the Twentieth Century; and, Food and Agriculture during the Civil War. He is a recipient of the Agricultural History Society's Gladys L. Baker Lifetime...
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