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J. Ashley Hunt, PMP, PMI-ACP, MCSA, Project +, CSM, is currently the senior project management instructor at StormWind Studios and is responsible for writing, producing, teaching, and maintaining all the live courses in the field of Project Management. She is the Global REP point of contact and manager of Quality Assurance and Quality Control for StormWind Studios and The Project Management Institute (PMI® to maintain quality in submitted materials.
Preface xix
Introduction xxi
Assessment Test xlii
Chapter 1 Agile Foundations 1
History and the Agile Manifesto 2
The Agile Alliance 2
The Agile Manifesto 3
The 12 Principles of the Agile Manifesto 5
The 12 Principles Simplified 6
The Declaration of Interdependence 7
The Declaration of Interdependence Simplified 8
Empirical Process Control 9
Agile vs. Waterfall Project Management 10
The Benefits of Using Agile in Any industry 11
Satir Model 14
Organizational Agility Tips 15
Summary 15
Exam Essentials 16
Review Questions 17
Chapter 2 Scrum and eXtreme Programming (XP) 21
What Is Scrum? 22
Transparency 23
Inspection 23
Adaptation 24
Scrum Values 24
The Scrum Team 26
The Product Owner 27
The Development Team 28
Scrum Master 28
Scrum Artifacts 30
The Product Backlog 30
The Sprint Backlog 32
Scrum Events 34
Sprint Planning 34
The Sprint 36
The Daily Scrum 37
Scrum of Scrums 38
The Sprint Review 39
Elements of the Sprint Review 40
The Sprint Retrospective 40
The Purpose of the Sprint Retrospective 41
eXtreme Programming (XP) Overview 42
Key Aspects Of XP 43
XP Core Values 43
XP Core Values Simplified 44
XP Roles 45
Core Practices of XP 46
The 13 Core Practices of XP 47
The 13 Core Practices Simplified 48
Summary 54
Exam Essentials 54
Review Questions 56
Chapter 3 Key Aspects of Additional Agile Methodologies 61
Dynamic Systems Development Method 63
The Eight Principles of DSDM 64
Kanban 68
Kanban Board 70
The Six Principles of Kanban 71
The Six Principles of Kanban Simplified 72
What Is Lean Product/Software Development? 74
The Seven Principles of Lean 75
How Lean Complements Agile 75
The Seven Wastes of Lean Manufacturing 76
The Seven Wastes of Lean Manufacturing Simplified 76
The Seven Wastes of Lean Software Development 78
The Seven Wastes of Lean Software Development Simplified 79
Continuous Improvement 82
Feature-Driven Development 83
The Five Processes of FDD 84
Best Practices of FDD 85
Best Practices of FDD Simplified 85
Crystal Methods 86
Crystal Family Color Codes 87
The Crystal Family 87
Adaptive Software Development (ASD) 88
Adaptive Software Development Cycle 89
Adaptive Software Development (ASD) Cycle Simplified 89
Creating a Successful Mindset 90
Three Main Aspects of Leading an Agile Project Effectively 91
Three Main Aspects of Leading an Agile Project Effectively Simplified 91
Summary 93
Exam Essentials 94
Review Questions 95
Chapter 4 Agile Initiation and Stakeholder Engagement 99
Charters and Agile Projects 101
Determining Return on Investment 105
Payback Period 106
Internal Rate of Return 106
Net Present Value 107
Techniques of Pre-Project Engagement 109
Elevator Statements 109
Tweeting 112
The Definition of Done 115
Wireframes 115
User Stories 116
User Story Workshops 118
Agile Knowledge Sharing and Communication 121
INVEST for User Stories 122
The INVEST Acronym 123
Communication and Knowledge Sharing Basics 128
Summary 133
Exam Essentials 133
Review Questions 135
Chapter 5 The Human Side of Agile Project Management 139
Interpersonal Skills 141
Communication 142
Self-Directed Teams 147
Negotiation 147
Aspirational Skills 149
Motivation 150
Conflict Resolution 151
Adaptive Leadership 154
Summary 155
Exam Essentials 155
Review Questions 157
Chapter 6 Agile Estimation and Planning 163
Iteration Zero 165
Analyzing Based on Business Value 166
The Product Owner 167
Development Team 168
Agile Project Manager 170
Timeboxing 171
Themes, Epics, and User Stories 172
Themes 173
Epics 174
User Stories 175
Personas 179
Wireframes 179
Backlog Refinement 180
Definition of Done 181
Story Mapping 182
Relative Sizing 183
Wideband Delphi 184
The Fibonacci Sequence 184
Planning Poker 185
Planning Poker Best Practices 186
Initial Velocity 188
Iteration/Sprint Calculations 189
Story Point Estimates and Spikes 192
Summary 193
Exam Essentials 193
Review Questions 195
Chapter 7 Effective Team Performance on Agile Projects 201
Tuckman's Ladder 203
Shu Ha Ri and Skill Mastery 204
Dreyfus Model: Five Stages of Skill Acquisition 205
Collaborative Working Environments 207
Distributed Teams 211
Context and Culture 214
Osmotic Communication 216
Team and Individual Coaching 217
Velocity Tracking 218
Burn Down and Burn Up Charts 220
Burn Down Charts 220
Burn Up Charts 222
Summary 223
Exam Essentials 224
Review Questions 226
Chapter 8 Agile Execution and Tracking of Iterations 231
Return on Investment and Benefit Measurement Methods 233
Earned Value Analysis 234
Controlling the Schedule 235
Controlling the Budget 236
Earned Value Technique 238
The Formulas 241
Key Performance Indicators 243
The Triple Constraints 246
The Gulf of Misunderstanding 247
Dot Voting, or Multi-Voting 248
MoSCoW 249
Monopoly Money 250
100 Points 251
Kano Analysis 252
Customized Procurement 254
Summary 256
Exam Essentials 257
Review Questions 258
Chapter 9 Detecting Problems and Working Through Changes 263
The Cost of Changes 264
Rolling Wave Planning 265
Technical Debt 266
Refactoring 267
Refactoring When You Don't Code Software 267
Determining Defects 269
Common Causes 270
Special Causes 271
Risk Management 271
Spikes 273
Risk-Adjusted Backlog 274
Expected Monetary Value 275
Assessing Risk 278
Risk Burn Down Charts 281
Summary 283
Exam Essentials 283
Review Questions 285
Chapter 10 Tailoring, Quality Management, and Improving Project Processes 291
Tailoring 292
Tailoring and the PMBOK® Guide 295
Lead Time and Cycle Time 296
Process Improvement 299
Value Stream Mapping 301
Continuous Product Improvement 304
Intraspectives 304
Premortem 305
Retrospectives 305
Summary 306
Exam Essentials 307
Review Questions 308
Appendix A Next Steps 313
What Is the PMI-ACP Certification? 314
Real-World Considerations 315
Tools and Techniques Overview 316
Agile Toolkit 316
PMI Ethical Decision-Making Framework 317
Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct 317
Task Overview 317
Agile Principles and Mindset Considerations 318
Value-Driven Delivery 318
Stakeholder Engagement 320
Team Performance 321
Adaptive Planning 322
Problem Detection and Resolution 323
Continuous Improvement 323
Tools and Techniques Overview 324
Knowledge and Skills 327
Concluding Thoughts 328
Appendix B Answers to Review Questions 329
Chapter 1 330
Chapter 2 331
Chapter 3 333
Chapter 4 334
Chapter 5 336
Chapter 6 338
Chapter 7 339
Chapter 8 341
Chapter 9 343
Chapter 10 344
Index 347
If you're preparing to take the PMI-ACP® exam, you'll undoubtedly want to find out as much information as you can about multiple Agile frameworks. The more information you have at your disposal, and the more hands-on experience you gain, the better off you'll be when attempting the exam. This study guide is written with that in mind. The goal is to provide you with enough information to prepare you for the test, but not so much that you'll be overloaded with information that's outside the scope of the exam.
This book presents the material at an intermediate technical level. Experience with and knowledge of different Agile frameworks like Scrum, eXtreme Programming (XP), Lean, and Kanban will help you to get a full understanding of the challenges that you'll face as an Agile project management professional.
I've included review questions at the end of each chapter to give you a taste of what it's like to take the exam. If you're already working in an Agile or project management field, I recommend that you check out these questions first to gauge your level of expertise. You can then use the book primarily to fill in the gaps in your current knowledge. This study guide will help you round out your knowledge base before tackling the exam.
If you can answer 90 percent or more of the review questions correctly for a given chapter, you can feel safe moving on to the next chapter. If you're unable to answer that percentage of questions correctly, reread the chapter and try the questions again. Your score should improve.
In a world that is becoming more focused on technology, project management literacy in multiple modalities is an essential survival skill. Agile certification proves that you have the knowledge and skills to solve business problems in virtually any business environment.
Certification makes you more competitive and employable. Research has shown that people who study project management best practices get hired. In the competition for entry-level jobs, applicants with high school diplomas or college degrees who included Agile project management coursework in their academic load fared consistently better in job interviews and were hired in significantly higher numbers. When considered a compulsory part of technology education, testing for certification can be an invaluable competitive distinction for Agile and project management professionals.
Obtaining certifications can be highly beneficial for your career strategy and in many cases having multiple certifications shows a wide range of abilities in your chosen careers.
Agile is one of the job categories in highest demand. According to the Project Management Institute's (PMI)® digital Pulse of the Profession, Global Project Management Survey (2017), Agile is a topic of growing importance in project management, with 71 percent of organizations now reporting that they use Agile approaches to their projects sometimes or more frequently than in the past. The report states that over the past 12 months, one in five projects has used Agile approaches, whereas another one in five has used hybrid or blended approaches. Another item from the report worth mentioning is that the percentage of projects that used something other than Agile, hybrid, or plan-driven approaches, which could be a further blend or customization of other approaches, is approximately 23 percent.
Get your foot in the door. The Project Management Institute's goal in putting together the Agile Certified Practitioner exam is to call attention to the multiple methodologies and best practices involved in projects that would utilize an Agile approach. There are many other certification types that are proprietary; for example, the Scrum Alliance (www.scrumalliance.org) has numerous certifications that are applicable to the methodology of Scrum, but this is the first certification exam of its kind to combine many best practices across multiple methodologies. The content itself is not company-specific or partial to any one methodology over another. The content is based on numerous books and best practices surrounding Agile projects.
Potential income for Agile Project Managers Earn a national average of almost $90,000 to $151,000 per year depending on their location and specialty according to Glassdoor.
The Project Management Institute's Agile Certified Practioner (PMI-ACP®) certification enhances your project management knowledge. Professionals who are PMI-ACP® certified are 85 percent more likely to believe that they have the knowledge and skills needed to fulfill their jobs successfully. The PMI-ACP® certification is a big step in starting your career as a certified Agile professional.
Popularity of the PMI-ACP® certification is increasing. More than 17,000+ individuals worldwide are PMI-ACP® certified and that number is growing daily and exponentially.
Agile project management is regularly used in organizations. Companies such as Pixar, Spotify, video gaming companies, marketing organizations, staffing companies, manufacturing companies, and many software developers are using Agile methods to complete their projects effectively.
While the steps for gaining your certification may seem daunting, the steps below will help guide you through the process.
Review the exam objectives. Review the certification objectives to make sure you know what is covered in the exam:
www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/certifications/ agile-certified-exam-outline.pdf
Practice for the exam. After you have studied for the exam, review and answer as many sample questions as you can to prepare for it.
Submit your application. Fill out your application and determine your next steps for the 21 hours of education:
www.pmi.org/certifications/types/Agile-acp
Take the test! Once your application is approved, you will be given information on payment and scheduling options. Most exams are hosted through Prometric:
www.prometric.com/en-us/for-test-takers/pages/schedule.aspx?Type=schedule
Stay certified through continuing education! PMI-ACP® certifications are valid for three years from the date of certification. There are a number of ways the certification can be renewed. For more information, check the Project Management Institute's site.
There is a lot of information online about PMI certifications but it's always best to go directly through the contact information below first.
Don't just study the questions and answers! The questions on the actual exam will be different from the practice questions included in this book. The exam is designed to test your knowledge of a concept or objective, so use this book to learn about the objectives behind the questions.
Before you begin studying for the exam, it's imperative that you understand a few things about the PMI-ACP® certification.
There is a fine balance between doing Agile types of projects and studying and taking practice exams. Rote memorization will not help you. There's not a lot that I go through in this study guide that will help you pass by just memorizing.
Every single question will be situationally based. It will test your ability to be agile, not to do Agile.
Agile, as a term, is the umbrella over all of the different frameworks that you can absorb, use, and understand. To pass an exam like this, you have to get into that frame of mind.
The Agile mindset involves the following principles:
You'll see some aspects of these principles across every single one of the different domains.
When you're studying for any exam, the first step in preparation should always be to find out as much as possible about the test: The more you know up front, the better you can plan your course of study. The current exam, and the one addressed by this book, is the 2017 update. Although all variables are subject to change as this book is being written, the exam consists of 120 multiple-choice questions, there is only one correct answer for each question, and you will...
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