Why Be Moral?

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1. Introduction
2. Possiblity of Comparative Philosophy
3. How to Do Comparative Philosophy
4. The Neo-Confucian Cheng Brothers
5. Looking Ahead
6. Conclusion

1. Joy (le ¿): "Why Be Moral?"

1. Introduction
2. The Question of "Why Be Moral?"
3. Representative Answers in Western Philosophy and Their Inadequacies
4. The Chengs' Neo-Confucian Answer: Joy in Being Moral
5. Joy and Knowledge
6. To Be Moral and to Be Human
7. Conclusion

2. Virtue (de ¿): Is a Virtuous Person Self-Centered?

1. Introduction
2. Virtue Ethics and Confucian Ethics
3. The Self-Centeredness Objection: The First Level
4. Virtue and Human Nature
5. The Self-Centeredness Objection: The Second Level
6. The Self-Centeredness Objection: The Foundational Level
7. Conclusion

3. Knowledge (zhi ¿) How Is Weakness of the Will (akrasia) Not Possible?

1. Introduction
2. The Problem of Weakness of the Will in Western Philosophy
3. Knowledge and Action: Why Is Weakness of the Will Not Possible?
4. Knowledge of/as virtue versus Knowledge from Hearing and Seeing: How Is Weakness of the Will Not Possible?
5. Cheng Brothers versus Socrates and Aristotle
6. Absence of Weakness of the Will and the Presence of Moral Responsibility
7. Conclusion

4. Love (ai ¿) Ethics between Theory and Antitheory

1. Introduction
2. The Ethics of Commonality and Its Problem
3. Love with Distinction
4. Extension of Love
5. Training of Emotions
6. Conclusion

5. Propriety (li ¿): Why the Political Is Also Personal

1. Introduction
2. The Political/Personal Division in the Liberal Tradition and Its Problems
3. The Possibility of a Confucian Political Philosophy
4. Propriety as External Rules
5. Propriety as Inner Feelings
6. Propriety as Human Nature
7. Defending the Neo Confucian Conception of Propriety as a Political Philosophy
8. Conclusion

6. Creativity (li ¿): The Metaphysics of Morals or Moral Metaphysics?

1. Introduction
2. Metaphysic of Morals, Moral Theology, and Moral Metaphysics
3. Li: Ontological Articulation of Confucian Morality
4. Sheng ¿ (Life-Giving Activity): Dereification of the Ultimate Reality
5. Shen ¿ (Divinity or God): Toward a Confucian Theology
6. Conclusion

7. Classics (Jing ¿): Hermeneutics as a Practical Learning

1. Introduction
2. Classics as Carriers of Dao (Jing Yi Zai Dao ¿¿¿¿)
3. To Grasp Dao through Classics (You Jing Qiong Li ¿¿¿¿)
4. Multiple Ways to Dao (Qiong Li Duo Duan ¿¿¿¿)
5. Hermeneutics as a Practical Learning (Jingxue Shixue Ye ¿¿¿¿¿)
6. Hermeneutic Circles (Jiao Xiang Yang Ye ¿¿¿¿)
7. Conclusion

Appendix: Neo-Confucian Hermeneutics at Work: CHENG Yi's Philosophical Interpretation of Analects 8.9 and 17.3

1. Introduction
2. Conventional Interpretations of Analects 8.9
3. CHENG Yi's Interpretation of Analects 8.9
4. Conventional Interpretation of Analects 17.3
5. CHENG Yi's Interpretation of Analects 17.3
6. The Role of Sages: Education
7. Conclusion

Notes
Bibliography
Index