Risk Assessment for Chemicals in Drinking Water

Contributors.
Foreword.
Preface.
1 Introduction to Drinking Water Risk Assessment(Robert A. Howd).
Development of Drinking Water Regulations.
The Risk Assessment Process.
Public Perceptions and the Precautionary Principle.
2 Summary of the Development of Federal Drinking WaterRegulations and Health-Based Guidelines for ChemicalContaminants (Joyce Morrissey Donohue and Wynne MaynorMiller).
Selecting Candidates for Regulatory Consideration.
Key Components for Regulatory Development.
Development of Regulatory Values.
Nonregulatory Options.
3 Interpretation of Toxicologic Data for Drinking Water RiskAssessment (Robert A. Howd and Anna M. Fan).
Animal Toxicity Studies.
Human Toxicity Studies.
Conclusions.
4 Exposure Source and Multiroute Exposure Considerations forRisk Assessment of Drinking Water Contaminants(KannanKrishnan and Richard Carrier).
Exposure Source Considerations in Risk Assessment.
Routes of Exposure and Dose Calculations.
5 Toxicokinetics for Drinking Water Risk Assessment(John C. Lipscomb).
Evaluation of Toxicity Data.
Toxicokinetics: PBPK Modeling.
Risk Assessment.
Conclusions.
6 Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures in DrinkingWater (Richard C. Hertzberg, Glenn E. Rice, Linda K.Teuschler, J. Michael Wright, and Jane E. Simmons).
Drinking Water Mixture Concerns.
Estimating Exposures to Multiple Chemicals in DrinkingWater.
Toxicological Concepts for Joint Toxicity.
Chemical Mixtures Risk Assessment Methods.
New Approaches for Assessing Risk from Exposure to DrinkingWater Mixtures.
Conclusions.
References.
7 Protection of Infants, Children, and Other SensitiveSubpopulations (George V. Alexeeff and Melanie A.Marty).
Factors Influencing Differences in Susceptibility BetweenInfants and Children and Adults.
Critical Systems and Periods in Development.
Age at Exposure and Susceptibility to Carcinogens.
Drinking Water Standards Developed to Protect Sensitive.
Subpopulations.
References.
8 Risk Assessment for Essential Nutrients (JoyceMorrissey Donohue).
Assessment Approaches.
Comparison of Guideline Values.
Risk Assessment Recommendations.
References.
9 Risk Assessment for Arsenic in Drinking Water(Joseph P. Brown).
Occurrence and Exposure.
Metabolism.
Health Effects.
Risk Assessment.
Conclusions.
References.
10 Risk Assessment for Chloroform, Reconsidered(Richard Sedman).
Carcinogenic Effects.
Noncancer Toxic Effects.
Mechanisms of Carcinogenicity.
Regulation of Cancer Risk.
Discussion.
References.
11 Risk Assessment of a Thyroid Hormone Disruptor:Perchlorate (David Ting).
Background
Human Health Risk Assessment.
Risk Characterization and Conclusions.
References.
12 Emerging Contaminants in Drinking Water: A CaliforniaPerspective (Steven A. Book and David P. Spath).
Emerging Chemicals of the Recent Past.
Newer Emerging Contaminants.
Future Emerging Chemicals.
Conclusions.
References.
13 U.S. EPA Drinking Water Field Office Perspectives andNeeds for Risk Assessment (Bruce A. Macler).
The Nature of Regulatory Risk Assessments.
Use of Drinking Water Risk Information in EPA Field Offices.
Conclusions.
References.
14 Risk Assessment: Emerging Issues, Recent Advances, andFuture Challenges (Anna M. Fan and Robert A. Howd).
Emerging Issues.
Advances in Science, Approaches, and Methods.
Conclusions.
References.
Index.