Preface

Acknowledgments

PART I: FOUNDATIONS FOR STATISTICAL THINKING

1. Introduction: The Role of Statistics in Research and Clinical Practice

2. Properties of Variables: Levels of Measurement

3. Descriptive Univariate Statistics

4. Probabilities

5. Logic of Statistical Inference: The Sampling Distribution and Significance Tests

6. Standard Errors, Confidence Intervals, and the Power of Statistical Tests

7. Research Designs and Statistical Analysis

PART II: MODELS FOR CONTINUOUS/INTERVAL-LEVEL OUTCOME MEASURES

8. t-Test

9. One-Way Analysis of Variance

10. Linear Regression and Pearsonís r Correlation

11. Factorial Analysis of Variance and Analysis of Covariance

12. Multiple Linear Regression

13. Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance

14. Introduction to Mixed-Effects Regression Models

PART III: MODELS FOR CATEGORICAL OUTCOME MEASURES

15. Nonparametric/Ordinal Statistics

16. Frequency Cross-Tabulations: 2 ? 2 Tables

17. Logistic Regression With One Independent Variable

18. Logistic Regression Models With Multiple Predictors

PART IV: MODELS FOR TIME-TO-EVENT DATA/SURVIVAL ANALYSIS

19. Incidence Rates, Life Tables, and Survival Function

20. Comparing Survival Functions in Different Groups and Hazard Regression

PART V: MEASUREMENT MODELS

21. Reliability Coefficients and Medical Test Evaluation

22. Factor Analysis

PART VI: ISSUES IN DATA MANAGEMENT

23. Data Management and Privacy Concerns

APPENDICES

A. Estimating Population Variance From Sample Variance

B. One-Sided Probabilities for z-Scores of the Standard Normal Distribution

C. Table of Critical t-Values for Several Significance Levels of t-Distributions With Different Degrees of Freedom (df)

D. Normalizing a Nonnormal Distribution

E. Table of Critical f-Values at the Significance Level of a = 0.05 of f-Distributions With Different Degrees of Freedom (df)

F. Proof That Phi = Pearsonís r

G. Table of Critical Chi-Square Values for Several Significance Levels of Chi-Square Distributions With Different Degrees of Freedom (df)

H. Refresher on Exponential and Logarithmic Transformations

I. Standardization of Interval-Level Variables

J. Answers to Selected Exercises

Index