Handbook of Chemical and Biological Plant Analytical Methods, 3 Volume Set

VOLUME I

List of Contributors xi

Preface xvii

In Memoriam
Andrew Marston xix

Part One: Sample Preparation and Identification 1

1 Selection, Identification, and Collection of Plants 3
Monique S. J. Simmonds

2 Extraction Methodologies: General Introduction 17
Valerie Camel

3 Supercritical Fluid Extraction 43
Seied Mahdi Pourmortazavi, Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi and Somayeh Mirsadeghi

4 New Trends in Extraction of Natural Products: Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Pressurized Liquid Extraction 77
Philippe Christen and Beatrice Kaufmann

5 Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Its Application to Natural Products 105
M. Abdul Mottaleb, Mohammed J. Meziani and M. Rafiq Islam

Part Two: Instrumentation for Chemical Analysis 129

6 Microscopic Analysis 131
Johannes Saukel and Elisabeth Ginko

7 Thin-Layer Chromatography, with Chemical and Biological Detection Methods 185
Aurelie Urbain and Claudia Avello Simoes-Pires

8 HPLC and Ultra HPLC: Basic Concepts 207
Veronika R. Meyer

9 Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy in Natural Product Research 227
Christian W. Huck

10 Headspace Sampling and Gas Chromatography: A Successful Combination to Study the Composition of a Plant Volatile Fraction 245
Barbara Sgorbini, Cecilia Cagliero, Chiara Cordero, Erica Liberto, Patrizia Rubiolo and Carlo Bicchi

11 Analysis of Natural Products by Capillary Electrophoresis and Related Techniques 277
Markus Ganzera and Anja Kruger

12 LC and LC-MS: Techniques and Applications 307
Nadja Arens, Stefanie Doell and Hans-Peter Mock

13 NMR as Analytical Tool for Crude Plant Extracts 317
Anna R. Bilia

14 NMR of Small Molecules 349
Christoph Seger

15 NMR of Large Molecules 361
Christoph H. Wunderlich, Sarina Grutsch, Martin Tollinger and Christoph Kreutz

16 On-Line and At-Line LC-NMR and Related Micro-NMR Methods 379
Nadine Bohni, Emerson F. Queiroz and Jean-Luc Wolfender

17 New Developments of Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Plant Analysis 411
Andreas Schinkovitz, Denis Seraphin and Pascal Richomme

VOLUME II

List of Contributors xi

Preface xvii

In Memoriam
Andrew Marston xix

Part Three: Strategies for Selective Classes of Compounds 425

18 Analysis of Plant Oligo- and Polysaccharides 427
Wolfgang Blaschek

19 Analytical Strategies for Multipurpose Studies of a Plant Volatile Fraction 447
Cecilia Cagliero, Barbara Sgorbini, Chiara Cordero, Erica Liberto, Carlo Bicchi and Patrizia Rubiolo

20 Strategies for Lipid Analysis 467
Irina A. Guschina and John L. Harwood

21 HPLC Analysis of Alkaloids 485
Bras Heleno de Oliveira

22 Identification and Characterization of Hydroxycinnamates of Six Galium Species from the Rubiaceae Family 505
Rakesh Jaiswal, Marius F. Matei, Sagar Deshpande and Nikolai Kuhnert

23 Identification and Characterization of Trimeric Proanthocyanidins of Two Members of the Rhododendron Genus (Ericaceae) by Liquid Chromatography Multi-Stage Mass Spectrometry 525
Rakesh Jaiswal, Mohamed G. E. Karar and Nikolai Kuhnert

24 Strategies in the Analysis of Flavonoids 543
Celestino Santos-Buelga and Ana M. Gonzalez-Paramas

25 Coumarins - Analytical and Preparative Techniques 569
Krystyna Skalicka-Wözniak and Kazimierz Glowniak

26 Naphthoquinones and Anthraquinones: Chemical, Analytical, and Biological Overview 595
Nahed El-Najjar, Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Pia Vuorela, Arto Urtti and Heikki Vuorela

27 Xanthones from Marine-Derived Microorganisms: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Biological Activities 611
Madalena M. M. Pinto, Raquel A. P. Castanheiro and Anake Kijjoa

28 Sesquiterpenes and Other Terpenoids 633
Eirini Kouloura, Job Tchoumtchoua, Maria Halabalaki and Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis

29 Analysis of Plant Saponins 687
Justyna Krzyzanowska, Mariusz Kowalczyk and Wieslaw Oleszek

30 Cardiotonic Glycosides 709
Liselotte Krenn

31 Plant Steroids: Occurrence, Biological Significance, and Their Analysis 727
G. M. Kamal B. Gunaherath and A. A. Leslie Gunatilaka

32 Chemical Analysis of Bryophytes 753
Yoshinori Asakawa, Agnieszka Ludwiczuk and Masao Toyota

33 Cyclotide Analysis 807
Susan E. Northfield, Aaron G. Poth, Charlotte D'Souza and David J. Craik

VOLUME III

List of Contributors xi

Preface xvii

In Memoriam
Andrew Marston xix

Part Four: Biological Analysis 825

34 Phenotyping 827
Qiaosheng Guo and Zaibiao Zhu

35 Identification of Medicinal Plants Using DNA Barcoding 843
Xiaohui Pang and Shilin Chen

36 Transcriptome Analysis of Medicinal Plants with Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies 847
Shilin Chen and Hongmei Luo

37 Microarray 859
Chang Liu, Haimei Chen, Jianqin Li and Xiaolan Xu

38 Small RNAs 875
Shanfa Lu

39 Metabolomics 885
Jan Schripsema and Denise Dagnino

40 Proteomics and Its Research Techniques in Plants 903
Liming Yang, Haibin Xu and Shilin Chen

41 Multivariate Data Analysis 915
Bieke Dejaegher

Part Five: Drugs from Plants 947

42 In Silico-Guided Strategies for the Discovery and Rationalization of Bioactive Natural Products 949
Petra H. Pfisterer, Daniela Schuster, Judith M. Rollinger and Hermann Stuppner

43 Innovative Strategies in the Search for Bioactive Plant Constituents 967
Emerson F. Queiroz and Jean-Luc Wolfender

44 High Throughput Screening of Vegetal Natural Substances 987
Bruno David and Frederic Ausseil

45 Mycotoxins Contamination in Food: Alternative Plant Preservatives, Legislation, and Detection Methods 1011
Monica R. Zuzarte, Ana P. Martins, Maria J. Goncalves and Lígia R. Salgueiro

46 Quality Assessment of Herbal Drugs and Medicinal Plant Products 1039
Iqbal Ahmad, Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan and Swaranjit Singh Cameotra

Part Six: Conclusion and Perspectives 1057

47 Conclusion and Perspectives 1059

Index 1061