Textbook of Diabetes

List of Contributors viii

Preface to the Fifth Edition xiv

List of Abbreviations xv

About the Companion Website and Companion Digital Edition xviii

Part 1 Diabetes in its Historical and Social Context

1 The History of Diabetes Mellitus 3
Robert B. Tattersall

2 Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes 23
Ambady Ramachandran, Chamukuttan Snehalatha, and Arun Nanditha

3 Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes 29
Lars C. Stene and Jaakko Tuomilehto

4 Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes 43
Ronald C.W. Ma and Peter C.Y. Tong

5 The Global Burden of Diabetes 65
Mohammed K. Ali, Karla I. Galaviz, Mary Beth Weber, and K.M. Venkat Narayan

Part 2 Normal Physiology

6 Islet Function and Insulin Secretion 87
Peter M. Jones and Shanta J. Persaud

7 Glucagon in Islet and Metabolic Regulation 103
Darleen Sandoval, Jenny Tong, and David D' Alessio

8 Mechanism of Insulin Action 114
Morris F. White

9 Control of Weight: How Do We Get Fat? 133
Arianne N. Sweeting and Ian D. Caterson

Part 3 Pathogenesis of Diabetes

10 Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes 143
Shehab Alshiekh, Helena Elding Larsson, Sten-A. Ivarsson, and Áke Lernmark

11 Other Disorders with Type 1 Phenotype 154
Alice P.S. Kong, Elaine Y.K. Chow, and Juliana C.N. Chan

12 Abnormalities of Insulin Secretion and ß-Cell Defects in Type 2 Diabetes 161
Stefano Del Prato, Cristina Bianchi, and Giuseppe Daniele

13 Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes 174
Michael Roden, Kitt Petersen, and Gerald Shulman

14 Genetic Architecture of Type 2 Diabetes 187
Rashmi B. Prasad and Leif Groop

15 Metabolic Disturbances in Diabetes 205
Adrian Vella and Robert A. Rizza

16 Obesity and Diabetes 215
Hans Hauner

17 The Microbiome and Diabetes 229
Amanda J. Cox, Nicholas P. West, and AllanW. Cripps

Part 4 Other Types of Diabetes

18 Monogenic Causes of Diabetes 243
Shivani Misra and Andrew T. Hattersley

19 Drug-Induced Diabetes 262
Charles D. Ponte and Devra K. Dang

20 Endocrine Disorders that Cause Diabetes 272
Rachel E. Jennings and Neil A. Hanley

21 Pancreatic Diseases and Diabetes 291
Ranjit Unnikrishnan and Viswanathan Mohan

Part 5 Managing the Patient with Diabetes

22 Clinical Presentations of Diabetes 305
Ee Lin Lim and Roy Taylor

23 The Aims of Diabetes Care 314
Katharine D. Barnard and Richard I.G. Holt

24 Educating the Person with Diabetes 326
Ingrid Willaing and Michael Vallis

25 Lifestyle Issues: Diet 341
Nicola Guess

26 Lifestyle Issues: Exercise 353
Mimi Z. Chen and Robert C. Andrews

27 Monitoring Diabetes 374
Andrew Farmer

28 Drug Therapy: Special Considerations in Diabetes 385
Bernard M.Y. Cheung and Ronald C.W. Ma

Part 6 Treatment of Diabetes

29 Insulin and Insulin Treatment 401
Stephen Gough and Parth Narendran

30 New Technologies for Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Administration 414
David L. Horwitz and David C. Klonoff

31 Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents 426
Clifford J. Bailey and Andrew J. Krentz

32 Non-Insulin Parenteral Therapie 455
Tina Vilsbøll, Mikkel Christensen, Tina Jorsal, and Filip K. Knop

33 How to Use Type 2 Diabetes Treatments in Clinical Practice: Combination Therapies 471
Silvio E. Inzucchi and David R. Matthews

34 In-Hospital Treatment and Surgery in People with Diabetes 493
Ketan Dhatariya and June James

35 Hypoglycemia in Diabetes 513
Philip E. Cryer and Ana María Arbeláez

36 Acute Metabolic Complications of Diabetes: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State 534
Niels Møller

Part 7 Microvascular Complications in Diabetes

37 Pathogenesis of Microvascular Complications 543
Allan Flyvbjerg

38 Diabetic Retinopathy 554
Toke Bek

39 Diabetic Nephropathy 566
Sally M. Marshall and Allan Flyvbjerg

40 Diabetic Peripheral and Autonomic Neuropath 580
Dan Ziegler

Part 8 Macrovascular Complications in Diabetes

41 Pathogenesis of Macrovascular Complications in Diabetes 611
Stephen P. Gray, Elyse Di Marco, Riccardo Candido, Mark E. Cooper, and Karin A.M. Jandeleit-Dahm

42 Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Hypertension 629
Peter M. Nilsson

43 Diabetic Dyslipidemia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease 643
Adie Viljoen, Supriya Joshi, and Anthony S. Wierzbicki

44 Ischemic Heart Disease in Diabetes 653
Christoph H. Saely, Kourosh Vathie, and Heinz Drexel

45 Congestive Heart Failur 659
Anna Norhammar, Isabelle Johansson, Inga S. Thrainsdottir, and Lars Ryd¿en

46 Cerebrovascular Disease 673
Colum F. Amory and Jesse Weinberger

47 Peripheral Vascular Disease 683
Henrik H. Sillesen

Part 9 Other Complications of Diabetes

48 Foot Problems in People with Diabetes 701
Andrew J.M. Boulton

49 Sexual Function in Men and Women with Diabetes 716
David Price

50 Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Diabetes 731
Adil E. Bharucha and Michael Camilleri

51 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 745
Shivakumar Chitturi and Geoffrey C. Farrell

52 The Skin in Diabetes 759
Graham R. Sharpe and Paul D. Yesudian

53 Bone and Rheumatic Disorders in Diabetes 773
Andrew Grey and Nicola Dalbeth

54 Diabetes and Cancer: Evidence for Risk, Methodology and Implications 789
Ellena Badrick and Andrew G. Renehan

55 Diabetes and Infections 799
Clive S. Cockram and Bonnie C.K. Wong

Part 10 Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetes

56 Psychological Factors and Diabetes Mellitus 821
Frans Pouwer and Jane Speight

57 Psychiatric Disorders and Diabetes 840
Richard I.G. Holt and Leslie Citrome

58 Social Aspects of Diabetes 859
Brian M. Frier and Mark W. J. Strachan

Part 11 Diabetes in Special Groups

59 Diabetes in Childhood 879
Shideh Majidi, Christine M. Chan, and Marian Rewers

60 Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Diabetes in Transition 896
Rebecca K. Snelgrove, Dayna E. McGill, and Lori M.B. Laffel

61 Diabetes in Pregnancy 909
Tim Cundy

62 Diabetes in Old Age 939
Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz and Alan J. Sinclair

63 Diabetes at the End of Life 953
June James, Jean MacLeod, and Robert Gregory

Part 12 Delivery and Organization of Diabetes Care

64 The Role of the Multidisciplinary Team Across Primary and Secondary Care 963
Samuel I. Seidu, Kamlesh Khunti, and Melanie J. Davies

65 Models of Diabetes Care Across Different Resource Settings 973
Naomi S. Levitt, Sam Surka, Andrew Farmer, and Bob Mash

Part 13 Future Directions

66 Future Drug Treatments for Type 1 Diabetes 987
Jennifer L. Sherr, Eda Cengiz, Michelle A. Van Name, Stuart A. Weinzimer, and William V. Tamborlane

67 Future Drug Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes 1000
Clifford J. Bailey

68 Stem Cell Therapy in Diabetes 1012
Angelo Avogaro and Gian Paolo Fadini

69 Islet Transplantation 1017
Angela Koh, Peter E. Senior, and A.M. James Shapiro

70 Gene Therapy for Diabetes 1029
Virginia Haurigot, Veronica Jimenez, and Fatima Bosch

71 Future Models of Diabetes Care 1038
Sanjeev N. Mehta and Robert A. Gabbay

Index 1049