A Companion to Ancient Agriculture

Name: A Companion to Ancient Agriculture
Brand: Wiley
Price: 183.99 EUR
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David Hollander Timothy Howe(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 10. November 2020

576 Seiten

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Beschreibung

The first book-length overview of agricultural development in the ancient world

A Companion to Ancient Agriculture is an authoritative overview of the history and development of agriculture in the ancient world. Focusing primarily on the Near East and Mediterranean regions, this unique text explores the cultivation of the soil and rearing of animals through centuries of human civilization--from the Neolithic beginnings of agriculture to Late Antiquity. Chapters written by the leading scholars in their fields present a multidisciplinary examination of the agricultural methods and influences that have enabled humans to survive and prosper.

Consisting of thirty-one chapters, the Companion presents essays on a range of topics that include economic-political, anthropological, zooarchaeological, ethnobotanical, and archaeobotanical investigation of ancient agriculture. Chronologically-organized chapters offer in-depth discussions of agriculture in Bronze Age Egypt and Mesopotamia, Hellenistic Greece and Imperial Rome, Iran and Central Asia, and other regions. Sections on comparative agricultural history discuss agriculture in the Indian subcontinent and prehistoric China while an insightful concluding section helps readers understand ancient agriculture from a modern perspective.

* Fills the need for a full-length biophysical and social overview of ancient agriculture

* Provides clear accounts of the current state of research written by experts in their respective areas

* Places ancient Mediterranean agriculture in conversation with contemporary practice in Eastern and Southern Asia

* Includes coverage of analysis of stable isotopes in ancient agricultural cultivation

* Offers plentiful illustrations, references, case studies, and further reading suggestions

A Companion to Ancient Agriculture is a much-needed resource for advanced students, instructors, scholars, and researchers in fields such as agricultural history, ancient economics, and in broader disciplines including classics, archaeology, and ancient history.

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Inhalt

1 - Cover [Seite 1]
2 - Title Page [Seite 7]
3 - Copyright Page [Seite 8]
4 - Contents [Seite 9]
5 - Acknowledgments [Seite 13]
6 - Contributor Biographies [Seite 15]
7 - CHAPTER ONE Introduction [Seite 21]
7.1 - Structure of the Volume [Seite 22]
7.2 - The Trajectory of Ancient Agricultural History [Seite 22]
7.3 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 23]
8 - Part I Plants & Animals [Seite 25]
8.1 - CHAPTER TWO Paleoethnobotany and Ancient Agriculture [Seite 27]
8.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 27]
8.1.2 - A Brief History of the Paleoethnobotanical Investigation of Ancient Agriculture [Seite 29]
8.1.3 - Major Varieties of Paleoethnobotanical Data Related to Agriculture [Seite 31]
8.1.4 - The Collection of Archaeological Plant Remains [Seite 36]
8.1.5 - Putting Paleoethnobotanical Data to Work [Seite 40]
8.1.6 - Conclusions and Future Directions [Seite 45]
8.1.7 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 46]
8.1.8 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 46]
8.2 - CHAPTER THREE Zooarchaeology [Seite 57]
8.2.1 - Introduction [Seite 57]
8.2.2 - Zooarchaeological Methods [Seite 57]
8.2.3 - Zooarchaeological Applications [Seite 63]
8.2.4 - Conclusions [Seite 68]
8.2.5 - Further Reading [Seite 69]
8.2.6 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 69]
8.3 - CHAPTER FOUR Stable Isotopes in Ancient Agriculture [Seite 75]
8.3.1 - Introduction [Seite 75]
8.3.2 - Stable Isotopes Relevant to the Investigation of Ancient Agriculture [Seite 76]
8.3.3 - Natural and Anthropogenic Determinants in Ancient Agriculture [Seite 81]
8.3.4 - Conclusions [Seite 93]
8.3.5 - Suggested Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 94]
8.3.6 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 95]
8.4 - CHAPTER FIVE Agricultural Plants in the Ancient Mediterranean [Seite 103]
8.4.1 - The Importance of Agricultural Plants to the Greeks and Romans [Seite 103]
8.4.2 - Sources of Information and Related Questions [Seite 103]
8.4.3 - Geography, Climate' and Soil in the Mediterranean [Seite 106]
8.4.4 - Grain [Seite 108]
8.4.5 - Grapevines [Seite 110]
8.4.6 - Olive Trees [Seite 111]
8.4.7 - Other Important Plants [Seite 112]
8.4.8 - Plants with Specialized Uses [Seite 114]
8.4.9 - Plants Used for Fiber and Oil [Seite 115]
8.4.10 - Animal Fodder [Seite 116]
8.4.11 - Religious Practices Associated with Fertility or the Agricultural Calendar [Seite 117]
8.4.12 - Conclusion [Seite 118]
8.4.13 - Acknowledgments [Seite 119]
8.4.14 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 119]
8.4.15 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 119]
8.5 - CHAPTER SIX Animals: The Major Domesticates [Seite 123]
8.5.1 - Sources of Evidence [Seite 123]
8.5.2 - Near East [Seite 124]
8.5.3 - Ancient Egypt [Seite 126]
8.5.4 - Bronze and Iron Age Europe [Seite 127]
8.5.5 - Bronze Age Aegean world [Seite 128]
8.5.6 - Greek and Roman Antiquity [Seite 129]
8.5.7 - Conclusion [Seite 135]
8.5.8 - Guide to Further Reading [Seite 136]
8.5.9 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 136]
9 - Part II The Neolithic [Seite 139]
9.1 - CHAPTER SEVEN The Beginnings of Agriculture [Seite 141]
9.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 141]
9.1.2 - Historiographical Review of Theory [Seite 141]
9.1.3 - Archaeological Data [Seite 149]
9.1.4 - Conclusions [Seite 161]
9.1.5 - Further Reading [Seite 161]
9.1.6 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 162]
10 - Part III The Bronze Age [Seite 169]
10.1 - CHAPTER EIGHT Agriculture in Bronze Age Mesopotamia [Seite 171]
10.1.1 - Geography and Climate [Seite 171]
10.1.2 - Sources [Seite 174]
10.1.3 - Crops [Seite 175]
10.1.4 - Animal Husbandry [Seite 176]
10.1.5 - Cultivation Techniques and the Agricultural Calendar [Seite 176]
10.1.6 - Agriculture and Society [Seite 182]
10.1.7 - The Development of the Agrarian Regime in Southern Mesopotamia [Seite 182]
10.1.8 - The Development of the Agrarian Regime in Northern Mesopotamia [Seite 186]
10.1.9 - Open Questions and Future Avenues of Research [Seite 188]
10.1.10 - Further Reading [Seite 189]
10.1.11 - References [Seite 189]
10.2 - CHAPTER NINE Egyptian Agriculture in the Bronze Age: Peasants, Landlords' and Institutions [Seite 193]
10.2.1 - Introduction [Seite 193]
10.2.2 - Environmental Conditions and Physical Setting [Seite 195]
10.2.3 - Crops and the Agricultural Cycle [Seite 199]
10.2.4 - Technical Aspects and Animal Use [Seite 202]
10.2.5 - The Transformations of Institutional Agriculture Over Time [Seite 204]
10.2.6 - Current Debates and Avenues for Future Investigation [Seite 206]
10.2.7 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 207]
10.2.8 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 207]
10.3 - CHAPTER TEN Agriculture in the Bronze Age Levant [Seite 213]
10.3.1 - Archaeological and Textual Evidence [Seite 213]
10.3.2 - Geography and Climate [Seite 215]
10.3.3 - The Major Crop and Animal Species [Seite 217]
10.3.4 - Agricultural Calendar [Seite 221]
10.3.5 - Development of Agriculture Throughout the Bronze Age [Seite 221]
10.3.6 - Perspectives for Future Research [Seite 225]
10.3.7 - GUIDE TO Further Reading???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 226]
10.3.8 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 226]
10.4 - CHAPTER ELEVEN Agriculture in the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age of Asia Minor [Seite 231]
10.4.1 - Introduction [Seite 231]
10.4.2 - The Cultural Sequence [Seite 232]
10.4.3 - Geography, Climate' and Vegetation [Seite 233]
10.4.4 - Cultivated Plants [Seite 239]
10.4.5 - Animals Husbanded [Seite 244]
10.4.6 - Wild Plant and Animal Exploitation [Seite 247]
10.4.7 - Tools and Technology [Seite 248]
10.4.8 - The Agricultural Calendar [Seite 249]
10.4.9 - Organization, Scale' and Management of Agropastoral Systems [Seite 251]
10.4.10 - Future Research [Seite 253]
10.4.11 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 254]
10.4.12 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 254]
10.5 - CHAPTER TWELVE Bronze Age Europe: Revolutions in Agricultural Adaptation [Seite 261]
10.5.1 - Aegean Greece [Seite 262]
10.5.2 - Mediterranean Southwestern Europe [Seite 266]
10.5.3 - Eastern Europe [Seite 268]
10.5.4 - Continental Lowlands and Alpine Europe [Seite 269]
10.5.5 - Atlantic Europe [Seite 272]
10.5.6 - Scandinavia [Seite 273]
10.5.7 - Conclusions [Seite 275]
10.5.8 - Suggestions for Further Reading [Seite 275]
10.5.9 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 276]
11 - Part IV From the Early Iron Age to Late Antiquity (300s ce) [Seite 285]
11.1 - CHAPTER THIRTEEN Greece and Anatolia, 1200-500 bce [Seite 287]
11.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 287]
11.1.2 - The Technological System [Seite 292]
11.1.3 - Territories and the Environment [Seite 297]
11.1.4 - Economic and Social Perspectives [Seite 298]
11.1.5 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 303]
11.1.6 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 303]
11.2 - CHAPTER FOURTEEN Agriculture in Greece and Coastal Anatolia, 500-100 bce* [Seite 309]
11.2.1 - Introduction [Seite 309]
11.2.2 - Agriculture and Landscapes [Seite 310]
11.2.3 - From Landscape to Parcel, from Parcel to Settlement [Seite 315]
11.2.4 - Agriculture in Context: Socioeconomic Aspects [Seite 320]
11.2.5 - The Polis and Agriculture [Seite 325]
11.2.6 - The Dynamics of Agriculture [Seite 327]
11.2.7 - Conclusion [Seite 330]
11.2.8 - Abbreviations [Seite 331]
11.2.9 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 331]
11.2.10 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 331]
11.3 - CHAPTER FIFTEEN Agriculture in Magna Graecia (Iron Age to Hellenistic Period) [Seite 337]
11.3.1 - Introduction [Seite 337]
11.3.2 - Region, Geography, and Climate [Seite 338]
11.3.3 - Textual and Material Sources [Seite 341]
11.3.4 - Plants Cultivated [Seite 345]
11.3.5 - Animal Husbandry [Seite 348]
11.3.6 - Agricultural Practices [Seite 349]
11.3.7 - Rural Settlement Patterns [Seite 351]
11.3.8 - Cultural, Economic, and Political Expressions [Seite 352]
11.3.9 - Conclusion [Seite 354]
11.3.10 - Avenues for Further Investigation [Seite 354]
11.3.11 - Acknowledgments [Seite 355]
11.3.12 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 355]
11.3.13 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 356]
11.4 - CHAPTER SIXTEEN Agriculture in the Hellenistic Kingdoms [Seite 363]
11.4.1 - Ptolemaic Egypt [Seite 365]
11.4.2 - The Seleukid Kingdom [Seite 370]
11.4.3 - Land Management [Seite 371]
11.4.4 - Tools and Equipment [Seite 375]
11.4.5 - Animal Husbandry [Seite 376]
11.4.6 - Guide to Further Reading [Seite 376]
11.4.7 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 377]
11.5 - CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Adapting to a Diverse Landscape: Agriculture in Hellenistic and Roman Anatolia [Seite 383]
11.5.1 - The Geography of Anatolia [Seite 384]
11.5.2 - Agrarian Land Use [Seite 387]
11.5.3 - Land Management [Seite 391]
11.5.4 - Agricultural Tools and Equipment [Seite 393]
11.5.5 - Divine Protection [Seite 396]
11.5.6 - Concluding Comments [Seite 398]
11.5.7 - Guide to Further Reading [Seite 399]
11.5.8 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 399]
11.6 - CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Agriculture on the Shores of the Black Sea [Seite 403]
11.6.1 - Introduction [Seite 403]
11.6.2 - Geography and Climate [Seite 405]
11.6.3 - Archaeological, Textual, Epigraphical, and Numismatic Evidence [Seite 406]
11.6.4 - Crops Cultivated [Seite 408]
11.6.5 - Animal Husbandry [Seite 410]
11.6.6 - Agricultural Practices [Seite 411]
11.6.7 - Land Use and Settlement Patterns [Seite 412]
11.6.8 - Pontus and the Roman World [Seite 413]
11.6.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 415]
11.6.10 - Further Reading [Seite 415]
11.6.11 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 415]
11.7 - CHAPTER NINETEEN Agriculture in Iron Age and Archaic Italy [Seite 419]
11.7.1 - Introduction [Seite 419]
11.7.2 - Agricultural Origins and Developments in Peninsular Italy from the Neolithic to the Iron Age [Seite 421]
11.7.3 - Farming in Central Italy During the Iron Age and the Archaic Period [Seite 424]
11.7.4 - Demographic Growth, Urbanization Processes' and Agriculture [Seite 428]
11.7.5 - Important Debates and Avenues for Future Investigation [Seite 429]
11.7.6 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 431]
11.7.7 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 431]
11.8 - CHAPTER TWENTY Agriculture in Republican Italy [Seite 437]
11.8.1 - Introduction [Seite 437]
11.8.2 - The Archaeological and Textual Evidence [Seite 437]
11.8.3 - Geography and Climate [Seite 439]
11.8.4 - Major Crops [Seite 440]
11.8.5 - Livestock Breeding [Seite 441]
11.8.6 - The Agricultural Calendar [Seite 442]
11.8.7 - Tools and Technology [Seite 443]
11.8.8 - Political, Social, and Cultural Aspects of Agriculture [Seite 444]
11.8.9 - Changes in the Practice of Agriculture [Seite 445]
11.8.10 - Avenues for Future Investigation [Seite 447]
11.8.11 - Guide to Further Reading [Seite 448]
11.8.12 - Bibliography [Seite 449]
11.9 - CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Agriculture in Imperial Italy [Seite 451]
11.9.1 - Introduction [Seite 451]
11.9.2 - The Textual Evidence [Seite 451]
11.9.3 - The Archaeological Evidence [Seite 453]
11.9.4 - The Crops of Italy and Animal Husbandry [Seite 455]
11.9.5 - Agricultural Tools and Technological Innovation [Seite 457]
11.9.6 - Landownership and Its Transformations [Seite 459]
11.9.7 - Important Debates and Avenues for Future Investigations [Seite 460]
11.9.8 - Acknowledgment [Seite 462]
11.9.9 - Further Reading [Seite 462]
11.9.10 - References [Seite 462]
11.10 - CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Agriculture in Roman Gaul* [Seite 467]
11.10.1 - Infrastructure: Structuring the rural landscape, Settlement, Forms of Rural Building, and Field System [Seite 470]
11.10.2 - Agrarian Techniques and Tools [Seite 472]
11.10.3 - Land Improvement and Soil Amendment [Seite 472]
11.10.4 - Plowing Techniques [Seite 473]
11.10.5 - Sowing [Seite 474]
11.10.6 - Harvesting [Seite 474]
11.10.7 - Treatments after Harvest [Seite 474]
11.10.8 - Storage and Preservation [Seite 475]
11.10.9 - Mills and Milling [Seite 476]
11.10.10 - Rural Production: Agriculture [Seite 476]
11.10.11 - Rural Productions: Animal Husbandry [Seite 481]
11.10.12 - Other Rural Activities? [Seite 485]
11.10.13 - Conclusion: Integrated Agriculture [Seite 486]
11.10.14 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 486]
11.10.15 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 487]
11.11 - CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE Agriculture in Roman Iberia [Seite 499]
11.11.1 - Development of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry During the Neolithic [Seite 500]
11.11.2 - New Species: The Impact of Colonial Contacts [Seite 502]
11.11.3 - Restructuring of Rural Landscape in Second-First Centuries bce [Seite 506]
11.11.4 - Conclusions [Seite 509]
11.11.5 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 511]
11.11.6 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 511]
11.12 - CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR Agriculture in Roman North Africa [Seite 519]
11.12.1 - Geographical Considerations [Seite 520]
11.12.2 - Mediterranean Agriculture [Seite 520]
11.12.3 - Irrigation [Seite 521]
11.12.4 - Investment in Agriculture [Seite 523]
11.12.5 - Agricultural Labor [Seite 528]
11.12.6 - Conclusion [Seite 533]
11.12.7 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 534]
11.12.8 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 534]
11.13 - CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Agriculture in Roman Egypt???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 537]
11.13.1 - Introduction: Preparing the Soil [Seite 537]
11.13.2 - Environment and Landscape [Seite 539]
11.13.3 - Evidence [Seite 541]
11.13.4 - Population and the Cultivated Area [Seite 543]
11.13.5 - Land Tenure and Taxation [Seite 545]
11.13.6 - Crops and Diet [Seite 547]
11.13.7 - Managing Nature [Seite 550]
11.13.8 - Conclusion: Looking Ahead [Seite 552]
11.13.9 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 553]
11.13.10 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 554]
11.14 - CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX Agriculture in Iron Age Mesopotamia???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 559]
11.14.1 - Introduction [Seite 559]
11.14.2 - Geography [Seite 560]
11.14.3 - Archaeology [Seite 561]
11.14.4 - Texts [Seite 564]
11.14.5 - Flora [Seite 565]
11.14.6 - Fauna [Seite 566]
11.14.7 - The Agricultural Calendar [Seite 566]
11.14.8 - Technology [Seite 567]
11.14.9 - Major Aspects of Agriculture [Seite 572]
11.14.10 - Changes in the Practice of Agriculture [Seite 574]
11.14.11 - Debates and Trends [Seite 575]
11.14.12 - Guide to Further Reading [Seite 576]
11.14.13 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 577]
11.15 - CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN Iran and Central Asia in the Achaemenid and Hellenistic Periods [Seite 585]
11.15.1 - Farming and Water Management in Central Asia [Seite 585]
11.15.2 - Agriculture in the Bactrian Aramaic Documents [Seite 587]
11.15.3 - Agriculture and Pastoralism in the Zagros [Seite 589]
11.15.4 - The Macedonian Conquest [Seite 591]
11.15.5 - Comparative Ethnographic Approaches [Seite 592]
11.15.6 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 593]
11.15.7 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 593]
12 - Part V Comparative Agricultural History [Seite 595]
12.1 - CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT Ancient Agriculture in the Indian Subcontinent: The Archaeobotanical Evidence???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 597]
12.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 597]
12.1.2 - Geography and Environment [Seite 598]
12.1.3 - Neolithic/Chalcolithic Culture-Historic Divisions [Seite 607]
12.1.4 - Archaeological and Archaeobotanical Profiles of the Food-Producing Cultures [Seite 608]
12.1.5 - Early Holocene Culture-Historic Trajectories [Seite 608]
12.1.6 - Mid- to Early Late Holocene Culture-Historic Trajectories [Seite 609]
12.1.7 - Discussion: The Role of Water in Sedentation and Adoption of Agriculture [Seite 619]
12.1.8 - Conclusion [Seite 622]
12.1.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 624]
12.1.10 - Further Reading [Seite 624]
12.1.11 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 624]
12.2 - CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE Trajectories of Agricultural Development in Prehistoric China: From the Beginning of Crop Cultivation to the Period of Agricultural Intensification (c. 10 000-3000 BP)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 631]
12.2.1 - Introduction [Seite 631]
12.2.2 - Origins of and Transitions to Agriculture: Protracted Process and Remaining Mysteries [Seite 632]
12.2.3 - Middle Neolithic Agricultural Villages: Yangshao and Majiabang [Seite 636]
12.2.4 - Agricultural Intensification and Emergence of Early Complex Societies during the Late Neolithic [Seite 639]
12.2.5 - Bronze Age Agriculture: A Short Summary [Seite 643]
12.2.6 - Conclusions [Seite 646]
12.2.7 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 646]
12.2.8 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 647]
12.3 - CHAPTER THIRTY Late Antique Farming [Seite 653]
12.3.1 - Introduction [Seite 653]
12.3.2 - Evidence [Seite 655]
12.3.3 - Plants Cultivated [Seite 656]
12.3.4 - Animals [Seite 658]
12.3.5 - Agricultural Calendar [Seite 659]
12.3.6 - Tools and Technology [Seite 660]
12.3.7 - Social Changes and Agriculture [Seite 661]
12.3.8 - Changes in the Practice of Agriculture During Late Antiquity [Seite 662]
12.3.9 - Important Debates and Avenues for Future Investigation [Seite 664]
12.3.10 - Further Reading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 664]
12.3.11 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 665]
13 - Part VI CONCLUSION [Seite 669]
13.1 - CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE Common Ground: Understanding Ancient Agriculture from the Perspective of the Modern [Seite 671]
13.1.1 - References???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [Seite 675]
14 - Index [Seite 677]
15 - EULA [Seite 738]

Systemvoraussetzungen

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