Microprocessor Engineering

1 Arithmetic 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Number Systems 1.3 Conversion between Number Systems 1.4 Representation of Numerical Data in a Machine 1.5 Unsigned Arithmetic 1.6 Signed Arithmetic 1.7 Complement Arithmetic 1.8 Addition and Subtraction of 2's Complement Numbers 1.9 Multiplication of 2's Complement Numbers 1.10 Division of 2's Complement Numbers 1.11 Binary Coded Decimal Arithmetic 1.12 10's Complement Arithmetic 1.13 Signed BCD Arithmetic 1.14 Multiplication and Division of BCD Numbers 1.15 Decimal to Binary Conversion 1.16 Fractional Binary Numbers Problems2 Logic 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Gates 2.3 Inverters 2.4 Alternative Logic Representations 2.5 The Tri-State Gate 2.6 The D-Type Flip-Flop 2.7 The Edge-Triggered D-Type Flip-flop 2.8 The Level-Triggered D-Type Flip-flop 2.9 Asynchronous Controls 2.10 Flip-flop Conversion 2.11 Flip-flop Operating Characteristics 2.12 Registers 2.13 Data Transfer Operations 2.14 The Data Latching Register 2.15 The Tri-State Register 2.16 The Edge-Triggered Register 2.17 Data Selectors or Multiplexers 2.18 Demultiplexers and Decoders 2.19 Encoders2.20 Parity Generation and Checking 2.21 Comparators 2.22 Arithmetic Circuits 2.23 Arithmetic/Logic Unit Problems3 Memory 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Register Representation of Memory 3.3 Memory Timing 3.4 Memory Classification 3.5 ROMs 3.6 PROMs 3.7 EPROMs 3.8 RWMs 3.9 Static MOS RWM 3.10 The Dynamic RWM 3.11 The Bipolar RWM 3.12 Memory Expansion 3.13 Memory Address Decoding 3.14 Absolute Addressing 3.15 Memory Pages Problems4 Small Computer Architecture 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Block Diagram of a Microcomputer System 4.3 The Bus System 4.4 Microprocessor Architecture 4.5 Internal Registers 4.6 The Arithmetic/Logic Unit 4.7 Basic Microprocessor Operation 4.8 The 8085A Microprocessor 4.9 The Architecture of the 8085A 4.10 The Operation of the 8085A 4.11 State and Timing Diagrams for the 8085A 4.12 The WAIT State 4.13 The HALT State 4.14 The SDK 85 Expandable Micro-computing Kit 4.15 Other Microprocessors 4.16 The Intel 8080A 4.17 The Zilog Z80 4.18 The Motorola 6800 Problems5 The Instruction Set I: Data Transfer, Arithmetic and Logic Operations 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Machine Code Representation of Instructions 5.3 Mnemonic Representation of Instructions 5.4 Addressing Modes 5.5 Implied Addressing 5.6 Immediate Addressing 5.7 Direct Addressing 5.8 Register and Register Indirect Addressing 5.9 Indexed Addressing 5.10 Relative Addressing 5.11 Modified Page Zero Addressing 5.12 Instruction Groupings for the 8085A 5.13 Data Transfer Instructions 5.14 Transfers Employing Immediate Addressing 5.15 Inter-Register Transfers 5.16 Transfers Using the Direct Addressing Mode 5.17 Transfers Using the Indirect Addressing Mode 5.18 The Input and Output Instructions 5.19 Arithmetic and Logic Operations 5.20 Immediate Arithmetic and Logic Instructions 5.21 Register Arithmetic and Logic Instructions 5.22 Indirect Register Arithmetic and Logic Instructions 5.23 Rotate and Data Shift Instructions 5.24 Miscellaneous Instructions Problems6 The Instruction Set II: Jump, Call, Return and Stack Control 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Flowcharts 6.3 Basic Flowchart Combinations 6.4 The Jump Instructions 6.5 The Program Implementation of the If-Then/Else Structure 6.6 Program Loops 6.7 A Program Implementation of the SELECT Structure 6.8 Stack Operations and Instructions 6.9 Subroutines 6.10 The Call and Return Instructions Problems7 Assembly Language Programming and Software Aids 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Source and Object Programs 7.