Handbook of Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts

Name: Handbook of Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts
Brand: Wiley
Price: 211.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Ray Hoff(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

2. Auflage

Erschienen am 20. April 2018

768 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
Title Page
Table of Contents
Notes on Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Industrial Metal Alkyls and Their Use in Polyolefin Catalysts
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Metal Alkyls in Ziegler-Natta Catalysts
1.3 Aluminum Alkyls
1.4 Manufacturers of Aluminum Alkyls
1.5 Pricing and Selection Criteria for Aluminum Alkyls
1.6 Methylaluminoxanes
1.7 Magnesium Alkyls
1.8 Organoboron Compounds
1.9 Organozinc Compounds
References
2 Porous Silica in Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Production of Silica Gel Catalysts
2.3 Influence of Silica Gel Properties and Polymerization Conditions on Catalyst Performance
2.4 Conclusions
References
3 Activator Supports for Metallocene and Related Catalysts
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Activator Support Studies
3.3 Activator Support Patents
3.4 Conclusion
References
4 Computational Modeling of Polymerization Catalysts
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Computational Modeling of Chemical Reactions
4.3 Modeling the Catalyst Properties and the Polymerization Processes
4.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgment
References
5 Computational Studies of Chromium/Silica Catalysts
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Mechanistic Proposals for Phillips Catalyst
5.3 Theoretical Study on Phillips Catalyst
5.4 The Limitation of the Current Computations and a Prospect for the Future
References
6 Laboratory Reactors and Procedures for Catalyst Evaluation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Setup in the Fume Hood
6.3 Autoclave Reactors and Safety Relief Devices
6.4 Purification Methods
6.5 Modular Reactor System
6.6 Catalyst Addition
6.7 Temperature Control
6.8 Autoclave Reactor Setup
6.9 Copolymerization
6.10 Gas-Phase Laboratory Reactors
References
7 Scale-Up of Catalyst Recipes to Commercial Production
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Fundamental of Process Scale-Up
7.3 Considerations in Scaling Up a Laboratory Recipe
7.4 A Modern Polymerization Catalyst Production Facility
7.5 Other Scale-Up Considerations
References
8 Supported Titanium/Magnesium Ziegler Catalysts for the Production of Polyethylene
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Particle-Form Technology
8.3 General Architecture and Preparation of Supported Catalysts
8.4 Nonuniformity of Active Centers in Supported Ziegler Catalysts
8.5 Kinetics and Mechanism of Ethylene Polymerization Reactions with Ziegler Catalysts
8.6 Kinetic Interpretation of Ethylene Polymerization Reactions
8.7 Active Centers in Ziegler Catalysts
References
9 Stereospecific a-Olefin Polymerization with Heterogeneous Catalysts
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Traditional Ziegler-Natta Catalyst Systems
9.3 Stereospecific Single Site Catalysts
9.4 Conclusion
References
10 Olefin Polymerization by Vanadium Complex Catalysts
10.1 Introduction: Classical Ziegler-Type Vanadium Catalyst Systems
10.2 Vanadium Complexes Designed for Olefin Coordination Insertion Polymerization
10.3 Outlook
References
11 MgCl2-Supported Ti Catalysts for the Production of Morphology-Controlled Polyethylene
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Preparation of Morphology-Controlled MgCl2/TiCl4 Catalysts
11.3 Polymerization Processes
11.4 Effect of Prepolymerization on Activity Profiles and Prepolymer Properties
11.5 Polymerization Behavior
11.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
12 Product Morphology in Olefin Polymerization with Polymer-Supported Metallocene Catalysts
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Preparation of Polymer-Supported Metallocene Catalysts
12.3 Factors Affecting Morphology of Product Particles
12.4 Factors Affecting Product Morphology
12.5 Product Fines and Densities
12.6 Conclusions
References
13 A Review of the Phillips Chromium Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization
13.1 Historical and Commercial Background
13.2 Catalyst Preparation
13.3 Control of Catalyst Activity
13.4 Control of Molecular Weight and MW Distribution
13.5 Control of Crystallinity
13.6 Control of Elasticity
13.7 Concluding Remarks
References
14 Silica-Supported Silyl Chromate-Based Ethylene Polymerization Catalysts
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Silyl Chromate Catalyst Development
14.3 Catalyst Structure
14.4 Polymerization Process
14.5 Product Characterization and Applications
14.6 Silica-Supported Reduced Silyl Chromate Catalyst Advancements
Acknowledgements
References
15 Late Transition Metal Catalyzed Co- and Terpolymerization of a-Olefins with Carbon Monoxide
15.1 Introduction and Historical Overview
15.2 Polyketone Synthesis: General Concept and Mechanism
15.3 Influence of the Catalyst on the Polymer Structure in a-Olefin/CO Copolymerization Reactions
15.4 Other Olefins for the Copolymerization with CO
15.5 Chemical Modification of Polyketones
References
16 Ethylene Polymerization and a-Olefin Oligomerization Using Catalysts Derived from Phosphoranes and Ni(II) or Ni(0) Precursors
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Starting Materials
References
17 Overview of Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerizations (ROMP) and Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) Polymerizations with Selected Ruthenium and Molybdenum Complexes
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Ruthenium Catalysts
17.3 Molybdenum Complexes
17.4 Summary
References
18 Copolymerization of Ethylene with Conjugated Dienes
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Conventional Ziegler-Natta Catalysts
18.3 Group 4 Metallocene Systems
18.4 Group 4 Post-metallocene Catalysts
18.5 Vanadium Bis(imino)pyridyl Catalysts
18.6 Group 8-, 9-, and 10-Based Catalysts
18.7 Rare Earth Catalysts
18.8 Conclusion
References
Appendix A: Pyrophoricity of Metal Alkyls
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Hazard Classifications
A.3 Trends from Pyrophoricity Data
A.4 Summary of Trends
References
Appendix B: Rheological Terms for Polymerization Catalyst Chemists
B.1 Dynamic Rheometry
B.2 Steady Rheometry
B.3 Transient Rheometry
Further Reading
Index
End User License Agreement

Notes on Contributors

Timo M. J. Anselment was born in Berlin in 1981, studied chemistry at the Technische Universität München, and obtained his diploma grade at the Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry of Prof. Oskar Nuyken under the supervision of Ph.D. Dr. Rainer Jordan in 2006. He joined the staff of Prof. Bernhard Rieger in 2007 at the WACKER Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry and works on his Ph.D. thesis about phosphine-sulfonate complexes for alkene/CO copolymerizations.

Islem Belaid is a Ph.D. student in the Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes laboratory (C2P2) at the Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 in France. She holds an engineer's degree in analytical chemistry and instrumentation of the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis and a master's degree in innovative materials from the National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon. Her doctoral work focuses on the catalytic polymerization of olefins and conjugated dienes. Her search moves through and between the homogeneous catalysis of (co)polymerization of olefins (and dienes), the copolymerization of ethylene with a-olefins by supported metallocene catalysts, and the characterization of the resulting high performance materials by advanced techniques. Through these areas, she seeks to define the link between the catalyst structure and the obtained materials as well as to understand the structure-property relationship of the polymers.

Christophe Boisson studied chemistry at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (France). He received his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the University of Paris-Sud 11 in 1996 for investigations of the chemistry of f-metal amide complexes. The same year, he became research associate at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), and he joined the group of Dr. Roger Spitz at CPE-Lyon where he developed researches in the field of copolymerization of ethylene with butadiene. In 2008, he was appointed CNRS research director at the laboratory of Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2). He is the group leader of the team Chemistry and Processes of Polymerization and the director of Laboratory of Innovation, Scale-up, and Intensification of Polymerization processes (LISIP - joint C2P2/Activation). He has coauthored 90 publications including review papers and book chapters and has filed 23 patents. His research interests are focused on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for the polymerization of olefins.

Kevin Cann received his Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin. He joined Union Carbide Corporation in 1979 working in the polyolefins catalyst area. Since the merger with the Dow Chemical Company (2001), he has worked for Univation Technologies, which continues to license UnipolTM gas-phase polyethylene technology worldwide. His research areas have included development of Ziegler-Natta, chromium, and single-site catalysts for production of LLDPE, HDPE, EPDM, and polybutadiene polymers in the fluid-bed gas-phase process. He has over 35 US patents and more than 30 publications and papers. Dr.Cann currently is a consultant for the polyolefin industry based in Florida.

Chung Ping (C.P.) Cheng received his B.S. in Chemical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and M.Ch.E. and Ph.D. from the University of Delaware. After graduation, he joined AkzoNobel (then Stauffer Chemical) and began his long career in Ziegler-Natta catalyst. While at AkzoNobel, he worked on the development of the manufacturing processes for first- and third-generation Z-N catalysts. In 1988, Dr. Cheng joined Quantum Chemical (now part of LyondellBasell) as section leader in catalyst scale-up working on the development of various PP and PE catalysts. In 1991, he moved to Catalyst Resources, Inc. (CRI) (then part of Phillips Petroleum and, after several changes of ownership, now part of BASF), and worked for 16 years on the development of polyolefin catalysts and the application of these catalysts in polymerization processes. He is part of the team that successfully commercialized the Lynx polypropylene catalyst to all polymerization process platforms. Since 2007, he was with Süd-Chemie in Shanghai as the chief technology officer of the Polyolefin Catalyst Division. Dr. Cheng currently works with Clariant Corporation in Shanghai. He has several patents and many publications in the polyolefin area and is a frequent speaker at international polyolefin conferences.

Scott Collins was born and educated in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He received his B.Sc. degree in 1979 and his Ph.D. in 1983 from the University of Calgary, working with Thomas G. Back in the area of synthetic organoselenium chemistry. He had a postdoctoral stay with Satoru Masamune at MIT, working on the synthesis of doubly bonded group 14 (Si, Ge, and Sn) compounds and bicyclic tetrasilanes for a period of about 1½ years. He joined the Chemistry Department at the University of Waterloo in 1985, where he initiated a research program in asymmetric and polymerization catalysis using chiral ansa-metallocene complexes. He was the first scientist in Canada to study metallocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization and cyclic olefin polymerization using metallocene catalysts, and his group also discovered group transfer polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates using zirconocene initiators. He held the Nova/Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Industrial Research Chair for a period of five years while at the University of Waterloo and was involved in the development of new single-site group 4 catalysts for ethylene polymerization, novel anchoring technology for single-site catalysts, and the study of new cocatalysts and scavengers for single-site catalyst activation. He joined the faculty in the Department of Polymer Science at the University of Akron in 2000 where he initiated work in Ni-catalyzed ethylene polymerization and cationic polymerization of isobutene using chelating diboranes, including the first aqueous suspension polymerization of isobutene. He joined the Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Catálisis Homogénea (IUCH) affiliated with the Universidäd de Zaragoza, España, in 2009 before returning to Canada in 2010. Since that time he has held visiting appointments at the Department of Chemistry of the University of Victoria in Canada and at the Centro de Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada (CIQA) in Saltillo, MX. He continues to work in the area of metallocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization, most recently with a focus on characterization of methylaluminoxane by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and consults in this general area.

Ray Hoff graduated from Beloit College in Wisconsin in 1956 with a B.S. in Chemistry and immediately began research work on phenol-formaldehyde resins at the Westinghouse Research Center in Churchill Borough, Pennsylvania. In 1964 he obtained a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the University of Utah and began work at the B. F. Goodrich Research Center in Brecksville, Ohio. He was primarily involved with synthetic rubber projects using cobalt Ziegler-Natta catalysts and alkyllithium initiators. From 1967 to 2013 he was engaged in ethylene polymerization catalyst work with Chemplex Company and its successors. The main catalyst types were Phillips' thermally activated chromium catalysts and magnesium-modified Ziegler catalysts. Since 2013 he has worked as a consultant and a chemistry teacher, most recently as adjunct faculty at Roosevelt University, Schaumburg, Illinois.

He is the inventor of 2 US patents, author of 11 journal articles, and coeditor of Transition Metal Catalyzed Polymerizations: Ziegler Natts and Metathesis Polymerizations, Roderic P. Quirk, Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Xiaohua Hou received his master's degree under the supervision of Professor Wen-Hua Sun at the Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences and his Ph.D. in Organometallic Chemistry in 2015 from Tokyo Metropolitan University under the direction of Professor Kotohiro Nomura. Since 2015 he has been an assistant professor of the Chemistry Department at Tokyo Metropolitan University. His research field has been late transition metal catalysts for olefin polymerization, and now his research interests focus on designing vanadium-alkylidene complexes for olefin metathesis chemistry.

Robert L. Jones Jr. started his studies at the University of Houston completing graduate programs in both biology (M.Sc.1979) and chemistry (M.Sc.1990). In 1985 he joined the research team of Dr. John A. Ewen at Fina (La Porte, TX), where he synthesized ligand and metallocene complexes and performed polymerizations with commercial and experimental polyolefin catalysts. In 1990 he joined Himont (Lake Charles, LA) as the plant polymer chemist specializing in UHMWPE. In 1992 he moved into Himont R&D working in the field of long-range catalyst research in Ferrara, Italy, at the Giulio Natta R&D Center and then at Montell Polyolefins North American R&D Center in Elkton, MD., and worked with Basell Polyolefine in Germany (Ludwigshafen and Frankfurt/Höchst). In 2005 he completed his doctorate (rer. nat.) at the Technische Universität Kaiserslautern under the direction of Prof. H. Sitzmann. In 2007 he joined the Polymer Technology Group in Berkeley, CA, where he is currently a staff scientist, designing and synthesizing polymers for biomedical application.

Gregory W. Kamykowski...

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