Aviation Law and Drones

Preface *

Foreword *

Introduction *

Acronyms *

1 DRONES, INNNOVATION AND THE CHALLENGE FOR LAW MAKERS *

1.1 The Drone Revolution *

1.1.1 Definition *

1.1.2 History *

1.1.3 Turning Points *

1.2 Keeping Pace with Technology *

1.2.1 Current Use of Drones and The Pace of Technological Growth *

1.2.2 Drones - Some Challenges *

1.2.3 Current Regulation of Drones *

1.2.4 Limitations of Current Regulation of Drones *

1.3 Challenges for Law Makers *

1.3.1 Balancing Risks and Benefits *

1.3.2 Law, Technology and Retrofitting *

1.3.3 Problems of Enforcement *

2 EXISTING DRONE REGULATION AND ITS ISSUES *

2.1 Introduction *

2.2 Drones - Challenges *

2.2.1 Privacy Issues *

2.2.2 Safety and Security Issues *

2.3 Current Domestic Regulations *

2.3.1 Operational Rules *

2.3.2 Safety Regulations *

2.3.3 Security Regulations *

2.3.4 Insurance *

2.3.5 Registration *

2.3.6 Licensing *

2.4 Current International Regulations *

2.4.1 Introduction *

2.4.2 The Global Regulatory Regime *

2.4.3 European Union *

2.5 Making Space for Drones *

2.5.1 Airspace issues *

2.5.2 Enforcement issues *

2.5.3 Integration *

2.6 Industry Comment *

3 DEVELOPMENT OF AVIATION LAWS AND REGULATIONS *

3.1 INTRODUCTION *

3.2 FROM PARIS TO CHICAGO *

3.2.1 ORIGINS OF FLIGHT *

3.2.2 THE 1919 PARIS CONVENTION *

3.2.3 THE CENTRAL ROLE OF AIRSPACE SOVEREIGNTY *

3.2.4 THE 1944 CHICAGO CONVENTION *

3.2.5 THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE CHICAGO CONVENTION *

3.2.6 LIBERALISATION OF AIR SERVICES, AND THE RIGHT TO FLY POST-CHICAGO *

(THE DEVELOPMENT OF FURTHER FREEDOMS IN THE AIR) *

3.3 FROM WARSAW TO MONTREAL *

3.3.1 THE WARSAW SYSTEM *

3.3.2 THE 1929 WARSAW CONVENTION *

3.3.3 THE HAGUE PROTOCOL 1955 *

3.3.4 THE GUADALAJARA CONVENTION OF 1961 *

3.3.5 THE MONTREAL AGREEMENT OF 1966 *

3.3.6 THE GUATEMALA CITY PROTOCOL OF 1971 *

3.3.7 THE MONTREAL ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS OF 1975 *

3.3.8 THE MONTREAL CONVENTION OF 1999 *

3.3.9 FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS *

3.4 AVIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY *

3.4.1 COMPENSATION CONVENTIONS FOR DAMAGE TO THIRD PARTIES *

4 REGULATION OF AVIATION AT THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVELS *

4.1 Introduction *

4.2 Treaties and International Instruments *

4.2.1 The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties *

4.2.2 Treaties *

4.2.3 Customary International Law *

4.2.4 Guiding Principles *

4.2.5 Breaches of international aviation law *

4.3 Domestic Implementation of International Law *

4.3.1 Relationship between International and Domestic Law *

4.3.2 Monism and Dualism *

4.3.3 Australia's position *

4.3.4 Implementation of international treaties at the sub-national level *

4.3.5 Differences between federal and unitary systems *

4.4 Domestic Law and Sovereignty *

5 GUIDING PRINCIPLES *

5.1 Rationale *

5.2 Principles for the Regulation of Drones Internationally by States *

5.2.1 Preamble *

5.2.2 Introduction *

5.2.3 Operative Provisions *

5.2.4 General Obligations *

5.2.5 Implementation *

5.3 A Multilateral Agreement to Regulate Drones? *

6 THE FUTURE OF DRONES *

6.1 INTRODUCTION *

6.2 KEY DEVELOPMENTS *

6.2.1 MINIATURISATION *

6.2.2 AUTONOMY *

6.2.3 SWARMING *

6.2.4 FLIGHT EFFICIENCY AND ENDURANCE *

ADEQUACY OF BATTERIES IN FUTURE PARADIGMS *

6.2.5 ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY *

6.3 EXAMPLES *

6.3.1 ROBOTIC FLYING BIRDS AND INSECTS *

6.3.2 DRONE COPTERS *

6.3.3 AUTONOMOUS FLYING CARS *

6.3.4 AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE *

6.3.5 VEHICLES FOR PACKAGE DELIVERY *

6.4 PILOTLESS COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT *

6.5 ISSUES FOR REGULATION GOING FORWARD *

Appendix - Principles for the Regulation of Drones Internationally by States *

PREAMBLE *

INTRODUCTION *

I. OPERATIVE PROVISIONS *

II. GENERAL OBLIGATIONS *

III. IMPLEMENTATION *

Bibliography *

Index