Dialect Levelling in Limburg

Name: Dialect Levelling in Limburg | Structural and sociolinguistic aspects
Brand: De Gruyter
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Structural and sociolinguistic aspects

Frans Hinskens(Autor*in)

De Gruyter (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 6. Februar 2015

XIX, 411 Seiten

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978-3-11-092968-3 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
Foreword
Symbols and abbreviations
Part I. Models
Chapter 1 A sociolinguistic model and three hypotheses
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The absence of studies of dialect levelling
1.2.1 Language loss, dialect loss and dialect levelling
1.2.2 Research on the structural consequences of language contact
1.2.3 The notion of dialect levelling in the literature
1.2.4 Fencing off the notion of dialect levelling from related concepts
1.2.5 Trudgill's model of accommodation and levelling in situations of dialects in contact
1.3 Developing a sociolinguistic model of dialect levelling. Introduction
1.3.1 Inter- and intra-systemic variation
1.3.2 Dialect levelling is a two-dimensional process. Hypothesis I
1.3.3 Dialect levelling proceeds gradually. Hypothesis II
1.3.4 Dialect levelling is foreshadowed in accommodation. Hypothesis III
1.4 Summary and perspective
Chapter 2 The phonological model
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Explaining language change
2.3 The phonological model
2.3.1 Introduction: the modular organization of phonology
2.3.2 Lexical and prosodic phonology
2.3.3 Autosegmental phonology
2.3.4 Metrical phonology
2.3.5 Relationships between the autosegmental and metrical subsystems
2.4 The hierarchical organization of syllable structure
2.4.1 Introduction: a few historiographical remarks
2.4.2 Syllable well-formedness
2.4.3 The sonority concept
2.4.4 The distribution of sonority over the syllable
2.4.5 How symmetrical is the syllable?
2.4.6 Several types of evidence
2.4.7 Universal and language specific aspects
2.4.8 Syllable structure, resyllabification and sonority
2.5 Language variation and related phenomena as a field of shared interest of phonology and sociolinguistics
2.5.1 Internal forces as probabilistic explanations of change or levelling
Part II. Setting, methods and linguistic variables
Chapter 3 The research area
3.1 Introducing the former Mine District, Ubach over Worms and Rimburg
3.2 The economic and socio-demographic history of the region: a brief sketch
3.2.1 The pre-industrial period
3.2.2 The industrialization process and its demographic effects
3.2.3 Effects on infrastructure. Flexible response by the power elite
3.2.4 Ongoing demographic developments. Employment
3.2.5 Further rise and sudden decline of the coal industry
3.2.6 Recent socio-geographical developments
3.2.7 Rimburg: the pre-industrial period
3.2.8 Rimburg: the years of the industrialization of the region and afterwards
3.2.9 Recent administrative changes
3.3 The dialect situation
3.3.1 Introduction
3.3.2 Some diachronic developments and their dialect-geographical reflections
3.3.3 Recent changes in the position of the dialect
Chapter 4 Methodological aspects
4.1 Operationalizations of the hypotheses
the design of the investigation
4.2 The selection of linguistic variables
4.2.1 Linguistic variables: a definition and the criteria for selection
4.2.2 A sketch of the materials on which the selection was based
4.2.3 Formalization. Variation, lexicalization and code-switching
4.2.4 The linguistic variables: a brief overview
4.3 The speakers
4.3.1 Stratification and control variables: considerations
4.3.2 Another control variable. Sampling practice
4.3.3 An additional speaker background variable. Some sociological characteristics of the sample
4.4 The collection of the speech material
4.4.1 The structured elicitation
4.4.2 The conversations
4.4.3 Speech material, independent variables and hypothesis-testing
more on the design of the investigation
4.5 Analyses: from recorded speech material to data
4.5.1 The selection of samples of spontaneous speech
4.5.2 Decisions on more specific levels
4.5.3 Transcription, levels of measurement and quantification
4.5.4 The data
Chapter 5 The linguistic variables
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The organization of chapters 5 and 6
5.3 A description of each LV
5.3.1 'Ach-laut' allophony
5.3.2 ?-weakening
5.3.3 I-lowering
5.3.4 Dorsal fricative deletion
5.3.5 [s] in diminutive suffix
5.3.6 R-deletion
5.3.7 n-deletion
5.3.8 Derivational suffix -'lr?'
5.3.9 Preterite suffix
5.3.10 Prefixless past participles
5.3.11 Subjunctive
5.3.12 Strong or irregular versus weak conjugation
5.3.13 Stem vowel 2 & 3 sing. pres, indie, strong verbs
5.3.14 t-deletion
5.3.15 Sandhi voicing
5.3.16 Derivational suffix -'d?'
5.3.17 Absence inflectional shwa
5.3.18 Noun pluralization
5.3.19 Oblique form of certain pronouns
5.3.20 Expletive element
Part III. Findings. The broader approach
Chapter 6 Quantitative analyses for each single linguistic variable
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Technical aspects
6.2.1 Tracing apparent time changes in the use of the dialect features
6.2.2 Studying apparent time changes in the use of the dialect features in various linguistic conditions
6.3 Findings
6.3.1 'Ach-laut' allophony
6.3.2 ?-weakening
6.3.3 I-lowering
6.3.4 Dorsal fricative deletion
6.3.5 [s] in diminutive suffix
6.3.6 R-deletion
6.3.7 n-deletion
6.3.8 Derivational suffix -'lr?'
6.3.9 Preterite suffix
6.3.10 Prefixless past participles
6.3.11 Subjunctive
6.3.12 Strong or irregular versus weak conjugation
6.3.13 Stem vowel 2 & 3 sing. pres, indie, strong verbs
6.3.14 t-deletion
6.3.15 Sandhi voicing
6.3.16 Derivational suffix -'d?'
6.3.17 Absence inflectional shwa
6.3.18 Noun pluralization
6.3.19 Oblique form of certain pronouns
6.3.20 Expletive element
6.4 General patterns and tendencies. Conclusions and discussion
6.4.1 An overall picture of the findings. Evaluating the first hypothesis
6.4.2 Testing the second hypothesis. Extralinguistic aspects
6.4.3 Testing the second hypothesis. Linguistic aspects
6.4.4 Discussion
Chapter 7 Dialect levelling and structural dependence between linguistic variables
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Two types of structural dependence between dialect features and how they were studied
7.3 Disjunction relationships
7.4 Relationships of conditionality
7.5 Combinations of types of relationships
7.6 Evaluation of the hypotheses, conclusions and outlook
Part IV. The deeper approach
Chapter 8 Selection and analysis of the linguistic variables in the spontaneous data
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The selection procedure
8.3 Properties of the selected dialect features
8.4 Phonological aspects of the rule for final n-deletion. Introduction
8.4.1 Final /n/, stress and tone contour
8.4.2 Structurally similar but grammatically and prosodically different words. Synthesis
8.4.3 Final n-deletion, syllable structure and syllable sequencing
8.4.4 Two blocking conditions
8.4.5 Final remarks
8.5 Additional methodological considerations: the analysis of the spontaneous speech
8.5.1 Methodological aspects of the analysis of ? -weakening
8.5.2 Methodological aspects of the analysis of n-deletion
8.5.3 Methodological aspects of the analysis of t-deletion
8.5.4 Remarks of a more general nature
Chapter 9 Findings for the in-group conversations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Use of the dialect features. Overall patterns
9.2.1 The role of the speaker background variables
9.3 Apparent time changes in the use of the dialect features. Overall patterns
9.3.1 Apparent time changes in the use of the dialect features: linguistic dimensions
9.3.2 The role of speaker background variables in apparent time changes in the use of the dialect features
9.3.3 Apparent time changes in the application of the n-deletion rule: linguistic dimensions and speaker background variables
9.4 Summary
Chapter 10. Finding for the out-group conversation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Use of the dialect features. Overall patterns
10.2.1 The role of the contact situation
10.3 Apparent time changes in the use of the dialect features. Overall patterns
10.3.1 Apparent time changes in the use of the dialect features: linguistic dimensions
10.3.2 Apparent time changes in the use of the dialect features: macro-social forces
10.3.3 Apparent time changes in the use of the dialect features in relation with the micro-social factor
10.4 Summary
Chapter 11 Dialect levelling and accommodation: testing the third hypothesis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Tracing accommodation
11.3 Accommodation in spontaneous dialect use
11.3.1 The findings for accommodation on two levels of analysis
11.3.2 The third level of analysis: accommodation as a function of the distance of the contact variety
11.4 The findings regarding accommodation: outline and evaluation
11.5 Testing hypothesis III
11.6 Summary
Part V. Sizing up and looking ahead
Chapter 12 Discussion and some issues for further research
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The sociolinguistic model of dialect levelling
12.2.1 Discussion: the three hypotheses
12.2.2 From model to theory: some socio-geographical issues
12.2.3 Issues for further research
12.3 Structural aspects - and especially the phonological model
12.3.1 Discussion
12.3.2 Issues for further research
12.4 Methodological aspects
12.4.1 Discussion
12.4.2 An issue for further research
Appendix
References
Subject index

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