Digitization and the Law

1 - Cover [Seite 1]
2 - Introduction: Digitization and the Law - a European Perspective [Seite 9]
2.1 - I. New Technologies and their Convergence [Seite 9]
2.2 - II. The Digital Revolution and the Law [Seite 10]
2.2.1 - (1) New Tools and Methodologies in the Law [Seite 10]
2.2.2 - (2) Application of the Law: Can it Accommodate the Change? [Seite 11]
2.2.3 - (3) Legal Policy [Seite 12]
2.2.4 - (4) From Programming to the Algorithmization of the Law [Seite 13]
2.2.5 - (5) New Ways of Disseminating and Consuming Legal Content [Seite 15]
2.2.6 - (6) The Consequences of Digitization for the Perception, Acceptance and Functioning of the Law [Seite 17]
2.2.7 - (7) Societal and Political Consequences [Seite 18]
2.3 - III. Summary and Outlook [Seite 19]
3 - Hacking the Internet of Things: Vulnerabilities, Dangers, and Legal Responses [Seite 21]
3.1 - Introduction [Seite 21]
3.2 - I. Threats and Vulnerabilities [Seite 22]
3.2.1 - A. How the IoT has been hacked [Seite 22]
3.2.2 - B. Other ways the IoT could be hacked [Seite 25]
3.3 - II. Why is the IoT so insecure and vulnerable to hacking? [Seite 26]
3.4 - III. The Internet of Things and the Current Legal Regime [Seite 28]
3.4.1 - A. Scenario one: hacking with the intention of controlling an object [Seite 28]
3.4.1.1 - 1. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act [Seite 29]
3.4.1.2 - 2. Other laws [Seite 33]
3.4.2 - B. Scenario two: botnets [Seite 34]
3.5 - IV. Improving the Security of the IoT [Seite 35]
3.5.1 - A. The Standards Approach [Seite 36]
3.5.2 - B. Agency Regulation [Seite 37]
3.5.3 - C. Legalizing Strikebacks [Seite 39]
3.6 - V. Conclusion [Seite 40]
4 - Robotics and Criminal Law. Negligence, Diffusion of Liability and Electronic Personhood [Seite 41]
4.1 - 1. The Current Development of Robotics from a Legal Perspective [Seite 42]
4.2 - 2. Legal Questions - Overview [Seite 43]
4.2.1 - 2.1. Public Law: Controlling the Risks [Seite 44]
4.2.2 - 2.2. Civil Law: Liability for Damages [Seite 45]
4.2.3 - 2.3. Criminal Law: Responsibility for the Robot`s Action? [Seite 46]
4.3 - 3. Focus: Robotics and Criminal Law [Seite 46]
4.4 - 4. Responsibility - Challenged by Robotics? [Seite 50]
4.5 - 5. Potential Legal Solutions and Their Consequences for Concepts [Seite 53]
4.6 - 6. Conclusion: What are we discussing? [Seite 54]
5 - The dilemma of autonomous driving: Reflections on the moral and legal treatment of automatic collision avoidance systems [Seite 57]
5.1 - Introduction [Seite 57]
5.2 - I. Automated driving and the law [Seite 58]
5.3 - II. Ethical and legal guidelines as well as a proposed solution [Seite 63]
5.3.1 - 1. "Setting off" human lives vs. a humane orientation in the law [Seite 63]
5.3.2 - 2. A proposed solution: Degrees of wrong [Seite 65]
5.3.3 - 3. Use of deadly force in especially grave emergency situations involving or not involving risk communities [Seite 70]
5.4 - III. The quantification of human life in current applicable law [Seite 72]
5.5 - IV. Special problems [Seite 74]
5.5.1 - 1. The probability of being injured [Seite 75]
5.5.2 - 2. Self-protection measures [Seite 75]
5.5.3 - 3. Actions and omissions [Seite 76]
5.6 - V. The liability of manufacturers of collision avoidance systems [Seite 78]
5.6.1 - 1. Exclusion of liability using the concept of "accepted risk" [Seite 78]
5.6.2 - 2. Counterarguments [Seite 82]
5.6.3 - 3. Passenger protection [Seite 84]
5.6.4 - 4. What risks should be considered "accepted" risks? [Seite 85]
5.7 - VI. Closing remarks [Seite 87]
6 - Criminalizing attacks against information systems in the EU and the impact of the European legal instruments on the Greek legal order [Seite 91]
6.1 - 1. Introduction [Seite 91]
6.2 - 2. The European and international institutional framework concerning attacks against information systems [Seite 93]
6.2.1 - 2.1. A comparative survey of a complex framework [Seite 93]
6.2.2 - 2.2. The reasons for the E.U. directive and the core questions arising in a comparative context [Seite 95]
6.2.3 - 2.3. A comparative survey of the criminal law rules on attacks against information systems on a European and international level [Seite 97]
6.2.3.1 - 2.3.1. An initial approach [Seite 97]
6.2.3.2 - 2.3.2. Proscribed types of conduct [Seite 98]
6.2.3.3 - 2.3.3. Criminal sanctions [Seite 102]
6.2.3.4 - 2.3.4. Assessing the E.U. policy on criminalizing attacks against information systems in a comparative context [Seite 103]
6.3 - 3. The EU directive on attacks against information systems and the Greek legal order: points of convergence and some pertinent problems [Seite 105]
6.4 - 4. Instead of a conclusion [Seite 108]
7 - The U.S. Supreme Court's First Amendment refusal to protect children regarding sexually explicit speech on the Internet [Seite 111]
7.1 - 1. Intoduction [Seite 111]
7.2 - 2. Background [Seite 112]
7.3 - 3. Reno v. ACLU [Seite 113]
7.4 - 4. Ashcroft v. ACLU II [Seite 117]
7.5 - 5. Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition [Seite 119]
7.6 - 6. Recent Developments [Seite 121]
7.6.1 - a. Elonis v. United States [Seite 122]
7.6.2 - b. Packingham v. North Carolina [Seite 124]
7.7 - 7. Conclusion [Seite 126]
8 - Trust: Privacy in the Digital Age [Seite 127]
8.1 - Introduction [Seite 127]
8.2 - I. A New Way of Looking at Privacy [Seite 129]
8.3 - II. Applying Privacy-As-Trust: A Case Study [Seite 132]
8.3.1 - A. The Current Approach: Notice and Choice [Seite 133]
8.3.2 - B. A New Approach: Trust [Seite 134]
8.4 - Conclusion [Seite 138]