Biosynthesis and biodegradation of wood components

ContributorsPreface1. Structure of Wood I. General II. The Cells of Wood III. The Wood Cell Wall References2. Localization of Polysaccharides in Wood Cell Walls I. Introduction II. Polysaccharides of Different Cell Types III. Polysaccharides of Different Cell Wall Layers of Tracheids and Libriform Fibers IV. Polysaccharides of Reaction Wood Cell Walls V. Concluding Remarks References3. Localization of Lignins in Wood Cell Walls I. Introduction II. The Distribution of Lignin in Conifers III. The Distribution of Lignin in Hardwoods References4. Metabolism and Synthetic Function of Cambial Tissue I. Introduction II. Photosynthesis III. Respiration Processes IV. Carbohydrate Allocation and Utilization References5. Cell Organelles and Their Function in Biosynthesis of Cell Wall Components: Control of Cell Wall Assembly during Differentiation I. Introduction II. Formation and Location of Precursors III. Polymerization Systems and Location of Polymers References6. Biosynthesis of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides I. Introduction II. Formation of Sugar Nucleotides III. Interconversions of Sugar Nucleotides IV. The Role of Lipid-Linked Saccharides in the Biosynthesis of Complex Carbohydrates V. Biosynthesis of Cellulose VI. Biosynthesis of Noncellulosic ß-Glucans VII. Synthesis of Hemicellulosic Polysaccharides VIII. Synthesis of Pectic Substances References7. Biosynthesis of Lignin I. Introduction II. Dehydrogenative Polymerization of Monolignols to Lignin Macromolecules III. Role of Peroxidase in the Dehydrogenative Polymerization of Monolignols to Lignin IV. Structural Differences in Dehydrogenation Polymers V. Formation of Syringyl Lignin in Angiosperm Woods VI. Differences between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms in Lignin Biosynthesis VII. Regulation of Lignin Biosynthesis References8. Biosynthesis of Cutin, Suberin, and Associated Waxes I. Introduction II. Location of Cutin, Suberin, and Waxes III. Structure and Function of Cutin, Suberin, and Waxes IV. Biosynthesis of Cutin V. Biosynthesis of Suberin VI. Biosynthesis of Waxes VII. Conclusion References9· Occurrence of Extractives in Wood Tissue I. Introduction II. Distribution of Extractives III. Variation in Extractives IV. Extractives Formation V. General Features of the Formation of Extractives and of Heartwood References10. Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Phenolic Acids and Monolignols I. Introduction II. Biosynthesis of Cinnamic Acids: The Phenylalanine-Cinnamic Acid Pathway III. Cinnamoyl Coenzyme a Thioesters IV. Natural Products Derived from Cinnamic Acids V. Benzoic Acids VI. Phenylacetic Acids VII. Concluding Remarks References11. Occurrence and Biosynthesis of Quinones in Woody Plants I. Reviews and Books on Quinones II. Occurrence of Quinones in Wood and Heartwood III. Biosynthesis of Quinones in Woody Plants and Cell Suspension Cultures References12. Biosynthesis of Flavonoids I. Introduction II. General Overview of Flavonoid Biosynthesis III. General Phenylpropanoid Metabolism IV. Individual Pathways of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Addendum References13. Biosynthesis of Tannins I. Introduction II. Phytochemistry and Distribution III. Structure of Tannins IV. Biosynthesis of Tannins V. Relationship to the Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood References14. Biosynthesis of Stilbenes I. Introduction II. The Principal Biosynthetic Sequence as Revealed by Feeding Experiments III. Naturally Occurring Stilbenes Grouped According to Biosynthetic Aspects IV. Modification of the Stilbene Skeleton V. Stilbene Synthase and Its Properties VI. Induction of Stilbene Synthesis VII. Concluding Remarks References15.