48.1 Product Class 1: Acyclic Alkanes
48.1.1 Synthesis by Metal Substitution with Retention of the Carbon Framework
48.1.2 Synthesis by Metal Substitution with Extension of the Carbon Framework
48.1.3 Synthesis by Reduction without C-C Bond Cleavage
48.1.3.1 Reduction of Carbonic or Carboxylic Acids, Aldehydes, Ketones, or Derivatives
48.1.3.2 Reduction of Haloalkanes
48.1.3.3 Reduction of Alkanols and Derivatives
48.1.3.4 Reduction of Other Heterofunctionalities
48.1.3.5 Reduction of Alkynes
48.1.3.6 Reduction of Alkenes
48.1.3.6.1 Reduction by Heterogeneous Catalysis
48.1.3.6.2 Reduction by Homogeneous Catalysis or Biocatalysis
48.1.3.6.3 Reduction by Noncatalytic Methods
48.1.4 Synthesis by Reduction of Alkenes via Intermolecular C-C Bond Formation
48.1.5 Synthesis by Reduction with C-C Bond Cleavage
48.1.6 Synthesis from Other Alkanes
48.1.6.1 Bond Cleavage Reactions
48.1.6.2 Dehydrodimerization Reactions
48.1.6.3 Isomerization Reactions
48.2 Product Class 2: Cyclopropanes
48.3 Product Class 3: Cyclobutanes
48.4 Product Class 4: Five-Membered and Larger-Ring Cycloalkanes
48.5 Product Class 5: Hydrocarbon Polymers
