Part 1. Basic Principles and Methods. 1. Sampling and sample storage (A. Aitio, J. Järvisalo, M. Stoeppler). 2. Sample treatment of human biological materials (B. Sansoni, V.K. Panday). 3. Graphite furnace AAS (W. Slavin). 4. Atomic absorption spectrometry. Flame AAS (W. Slavin). 5. Atomic emission spectrometry (P. Schramel). 6. Voltammetry (J. Wang). 7. Neutron activation analysis (J. Versieck). 8. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) (P. de Bièvre). 9. The chemical speciation of trace elements in biomedical specimens: Analytical techniques (P.H.E. Gardiner, H.T. Delves). 10. Interlaboratory and intralaboratory surveys. Reference methods and reference materials (R.A. Braithwaite). 11. Reference materials for trace element analysis (R.M. Parr, M. Stoeppler). 12. Statistics and data evaluation (R.F.M. Herber, H.J.A. Sallé). Part 2. Elements. 13. Aluminium (J. Savory, R.L. Bertholf, S. Brown, M.R. Wills). 14. Arsenic (M. Stoeppler, M. Vahter). 15. Cadmium (R.F.M. Herber). 16. Chromium (R. Cornelis). 17. Copper (H.T. Delves, M. Stoeppler). 18. Lead (U. Ewers, M. Turfeld, E. Jermann). 19. Manganese (D.J. Halls). 20. Mercury (A. Schütz, G. Skarping, S. Skerfving). 21. Nickel (D. Templeton). 22. Selenium (Y. Thomassen, S.A. Lewis, C. Veillon). 23. Thallium (M. Sager). 24. Vanadium (K.-H. Schaller). 25. Zinc (G.S. Fell, T.D.B. Lyon). Subject index.