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List of Contributors xiii
Notes on Contributors xv
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxv
1 Introduction: Temporary Uses as Alternative Practices 1John Henneberry
Vacant land and temporary use 1
Theorising and conceptualising temporary use 3
Describing and analysing temporary uses 6
Critical analysis of temporary use 9
The coverage of the book 11
Acknowledgement 13
References 14
2 Forcing the Empties Back to Work? Ruinphobia and the Bluntness of Law and Policy 17Luke Bennett
Introduction: gazing upon the New Ruins 17
How ruinphobia unsettles us 18
Tracing ruinphobia into urban law and policy 20
Time is always running out for a building and its uses 26
Is ruinphobia forcing empties back to work, or are law's tools blunt? 27
References 28
3 Liminal Spaces and Theorising the Permanence of Transience 31Nicola Livingstone and Peter Matthews
Introduction 31
Theorising transient spatialities 33
Food banks as spaces of the in-between 36
Temporalities and 'yet-ness' in Wester Hailes 39
Conclusion 42
References 43
4 Temporary Uses Producing Difference in Contemporary Urbanism 47Panu Lehtovuori and Sampo Ruoppila
Introduction 47
The difference that temporary uses may produce 48
Temporary uses, appropriation and the Right to the City 49
Towards a socio-spatial theory of temporary uses - margins, fallows, amenities, commons 51
Difference driven by users 54
Temporary uses, regeneration and gentrification 57
Conclusion: non-commodified spaces in a commodifying city 60
References 62
5 Short-Term Projects, Long-Term Ambitions: Facets of Transience in Two London Development Sites 65Krystallia Kamvasinou
Introduction 65
Historical framework 66
Case study 1: Canning Town Caravanserai: semi-public community and events space with emphasis on up-cycling 68
Case study 2: Cultivate London Brentford Lock: urban farm and social enterprise project 73
Analytical framework: key themes 78
Concluding thoughts 80
Acknowledgements 82
References 82
6 Navigating the Rapids of Urban Development: Lessons from the Biospheric Foundation, Salford, UK 85Beth Perry, Vincent Walsh and Catherine Barlow
Introduction 85
From vision to practice 86
The Janus faces of urban socio-ecological experimentation 95
Acknowledgements 98
References 98
7 The Urban Voids of Istanbul 101Basak Tanulku
Istanbul: global city of Turkey with no 'vacancy' 102
Different types of urban voids in Istanbul 103
Three case studies 105
Physical void: from ghostly historic homes to high-value offices 105
Physical void: squatting as an alternative space 108
Symbolic void: the Ataturk Cultural Centre 111
Conclusion 114
Acknowledgments 115
References 115
8 Institutionalizing Urban Possibility: Urban Greening and Vacant Land Governance in Three American Cities 117Katherine Foo
State strategies in urban shrinkage 117
Environmental coalitions in urban shrinkage 118
Methods 119
Civic environmental coalitions in weak land markets 120
Windows of opportunity: political coalitions in Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore 122
Political will and investment capacity: a counter-cyclical relationship 128
References 129
9 The Trajectory of Berlin's 'Interim Spaces': Tensions and Conflicts in the Mobilisation of 'Temporary Uses' of Urban Space in Local Economic Development 131Claire Colomb
'Temporary uses' and 'interim spaces' in reunified Berlin 132
The mobilisation of 'temporary uses' in local economic development and place marketing policies 134
The dilemmas and tensions inherent in the mobilisation of temporary uses as a tool of urban revitalisation: trajectories, conflicts and resistance 136
The contested future of the Tempelhof airfield 141
Conclusion 146
References 147
10 Pop-up Justice? Reflecting on Relationships in the Temporary City 151Amelia Thorpe, Timothy Moore and Lee Stickells
Tactics and interventions 151
Justice in the city 154
Attending to the particular 157
Attending to the collective 161
Conclusion 165
Acknowledgements 166
References 166
11 Planning, Property Rights, and the Tragedy of the Anticommons: Temporary Uses in Portland and Detroit 171Matthew F Gebhardt
Introduction 171
The Tragedy of the Anticommons 172
Anticommons and real estate development 173
Anticommons, informality, and temporary use 175
Case studies 177
Conclusion 182
References 183
12 Valuation and the Evolution of New Uses and Buildings 185Neil Crosby and John Henneberry
Introduction 185
The acceptance of the new 186
The comparative approach to property valuation 189
The institutional context of the application of comparison techniques 193
The calculative regime of comparative valuation 195
References 196
13 Public Policy and Urban Transience: Provoking New Urban Development through Contemporary Models of Property Based Finance in England 199Kevin Muldoon-Smith and Paul Greenhalgh
Introduction: public policy and urban transience 199
Conceptual framework 200
Fiscal decentralisation and the urban built environment 202
Financing urban transience 206
Discussion and conclusion 210
References 212
14 Tackling Hardcore Vacancy through Compulsory Sale Orders 215David Adams
Introduction 215
Hardcore vacancy 216
An institutional explanation of hardcore vacancy 220
Compulsory Sale Orders 224
Balancing property rights and responsibilities 226
Conclusions 228
References 229
15 Frameworks for Temporary Use: Experiments of Urban Regeneration in Bremen, Rome and Budapest 231Daniela Patti and Levente Polyak
The conditions of temporary use 232
Transferring models 233
Municipality-initiated temporary use: ZwischenZeitZentrale, Bremen 235
Formalising activism: temporary use experiments in Rome 238
Establishing trust: public and private initiatives for temporary use in Budapest 242
Conclusions 246
References 248
16 Conclusions: The Tensions and Dilemmas of Transience 249John Henneberry
Time, transience and temporality 250
The structural position of transience in the urban system 252
The transition from temporary to established use 256
Policy and transience 260
Conclusions 263
Acknowledgements 264
References 264
Index 265
David Adams holds the Ian Mactaggart Chair of Property and Urban Studies at the University of Glasgow, having previously worked at the Universities of Reading, Manchester and Aberdeen. His research interests are in state-market relations in land and property, with particular focus on planning and land policy, real estate developers, speculative housebuilders, brownfield redevelopment and place quality. He has published widely on land, planning and development, most notably as co-author of Greenfields, Brownfields and Housing Development (2002), co-editor of Planning, Public Policy and Property Markets (2005) and Urban Design in the Real Estate Development (2011) and Shaping Places: Urban Planning, Design and Development (2013).
Catherine Barlow is currently a Research Assistant with the UPRISE (Urban Processes, Resilient Infrastructures and Sustainable Environments) Research Centre, School of the Built Environment at the University of Salford. After a long career in social housing, Catherine's doctorate considered innovation in sustainable housing. Her current interests are around how local people define and make sustainable use of city spaces, and the mediation of this use with local governance structures and commercial interests.
Luke Bennett is Reader in Space, Place and Law at Sheffield Hallam University. He practised as an environmental lawyer for 17 years and moved to SHU in 2007. Luke obtained his PhD in 2015 based upon his published research into occupiers' perception of physical risks at derelict sites and engagements by urban explorers with abandoned military bunkers. Luke's research is interested in the ways in which lay and professional practices perceive and make place, and whether this is via legal or other cultural schemas. Luke also is active in promoting and developing new directions for the hybrid field of legal geography.
Claire Colomb is Reader (Associate Professor) in Planning and Urban Sociology at the Bartlett School of Planning, University College London (UK), and holds a first degree in Politics and Sociology (Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris, France) and a PhD in Planning (University College London). Her research interests cover urban and regional governance, planning and urban regeneration in European cities, urban social movements, European spatial planning and territorial cooperation, and comparative planning. She is the author of Staging the New Berlin: Place Marketing and the Politics of Urban Reinvention (Routledge, 2011).
Neil Crosby PhD, MRICS, is Professor of Real Estate in the Department of Real Estate and Planning at the University of Reading. He specialises in commercial property appraisal and the commercial property landlord and tenant relationship. He is an Honorary Fellow of the UK Society of Property Researchers and obtained both the International and European Real Estate Society annual achievement awards for his work in real estate research, education and practice in 2002 and 2014, respectively. In both 2001 and 2008, he was a member of the UK Research Assessment Exercise Town and Country Planning sub-panel and is currently a reader for the Royal Anniversary Trust for Higher Education.
Katherine Foo is a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Department of Geography, the Pennsylvania State University. She is a geographer and landscape planner whose research focuses on urban ecology and environmental governance. She has two particular interests. The first is the ways in which governing institutions, shaped by urban political economy, influence the scales, strategies, and capacities of tree-planting campaigns, which in turn impact patterns of landscape change. The second is the ways in which visualisation mediates recursive relationships between landscape patterns and social interpretations, and can enhance communication with diverse stakeholders at multiple stages of the design process.
Matthew F Gebhardt, AICP, is an Assistant Professor of Urban Studies & Planning and Real Estate Development at Portland State University. He previously worked as a Lecturer in Town & Regional Planning at the University of Sheffield and as a planning consultant. Dr Gebhardt's research concerns the translation of visions, plans, and policies into action, and the structures and institutions that facilitate or constrain this process and produce (un)intended outcomes. His research includes national programmes, such as the US Choice Neighborhoods Initiative and Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD), and informal activities, such as food carts and temporary retail.
Paul Greenhalgh, MRICS, is Associate Professor of Real Estate Economics, Faculty Director of Research Ethics and Founder of the URB@NE Research Group and R3intelligence Consultancy in the Department of Architecture and Built Environment at Northumbria University. He is widely published in the field of urban policy evaluation and the spatial analysis of commercial real estate markets. Paul's recent research investigates the implications of government changes to the Business Rates System in England and the spatial modelling of their potential impact.
John Henneberry is Professor of Property Development in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning, the University of Sheffield. His research focuses on the structure and behaviour of property markets and their relations to wider economies and state regulatory systems. He has particular interests in property development and investment and their contribution to urban and regional development. He has developed a distinctive 'old' institutional approach to property research that focuses on the impact of social, cultural and behavioural influences on market actors, structures, processes and outcomes. He is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences.
Krystallia Kamvasinou is a Lecturer in Planning, Urban Design and Architecture at the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment (FABE) of the University of Westminster, London. In 2012, she was awarded a two-year Research Fellowship by the Leverhulme Trust to investigate 'Interim spaces and creative use' (RF-2012-518). Krystallia has co-organised two international, interdisciplinary conferences (Emerging Landscapes, June 2010, and Re-Imagining Rurality, February 2015) and was co-editor for Critical Perspectives on Landscape (a special issue of The Journal of Architecture, 2012) and Emerging Landscapes between Production and Representation (Ashgate, 2014).
Panu Lehtovuori is the Professor of Planning Theory at Tampere University of Technology, School of Architecture. Prior to that, he was the Professor of Urban Studies at the Estonian Academy of Arts in Tallinn. Lehtovuori's research interests focus on temporary uses, contemporary forms of public urban space, new urban design approaches and the resource efficiency of built environment. He is co-author (with Gottdiener and Budd) of Key Concepts in Urban Studies (2nd ed., Sage, 2015). He is a partner of Livady Architects, a Helsinki-based practice working on sustainable architecture, place-based development, heritage evaluation and conservation. Lehtovuori belongs to Spin Unit, an international NGO that develops advanced spatial analysis.
Nicola Livingstone is a Lecturer in Real Estate at the Bartlett School of Planning, University College London. She received her PhD in 2011 from Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, and her research interests are multidisciplinary. These include property market liquidity and performance analysis, real estate investment, and interpreting the social form of the built environment. In addition to the real estate market, Nicola also researches the third sector, interpreting the political economy of charity and food insecurity. She has recently completed commissioned work on food aid for the Scottish Government, and real estate liquidity in international markets for the Investment Property Forum (IPF).
Peter Matthews is a Senior Lecturer in Social Policy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling. He has research interests in urban inequality, community engagement with policy making, co-production and co-produced research methodologies. Recent research projects have included a review of middle-class community activism; research into social media in deprived neighbourhoods; and research on the experiences of housing and homelessness for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender identifying individuals.
Timothy Moore is a director of Sibling Architecture, and editor of the publication Future West (Australian Urbanism). He has formerly worked as editor of Architecture Australia and as managing editor of Volume alongside working in architecture offices in Melbourne, Amsterdam and Berlin. He is currently a PhD candidate at the Melbourne School of Design at the University of Melbourne researching temporary use projects within long-term urban frameworks.
Kevin Muldoon-Smith is a Lecturer in Real Estate Economics and Property Development and co-founder of R3intelligence Consultancy in the Department of Architecture and Built Environment at Northumbria University. His expertise exists at the interface of real estate development, finance and public policy in which he is widely published in academic and professional circles. His current research and consultancy projects are in two main areas: first, the interaction between government policy, real estate and public finance in the production of the urban environment; and, second, the use of big data to model urban real estate stock characteristics and occupier search...
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