Magnetic Materials and Their Applications

ContentsChapter 1IntroductionChapter 2Review of Magnetic Effects 2.1 Preliminary Remarks 2.2 The Most Important Effects 2.2.1 The Joule Effect 2.2.2 The Faraday Effect 2.2.3 The Matteucci Effect 2.2.4 The Wiedemann Effect 2.2.5 The Villau Effect 2.2.6 The Kerr Effect 2.2.7 The Hopkinson Effect 2.2.8 The Cotton-Mouton Effect 2.2.9 The Barnett Effect 2.2.10 The Einstein-de-Haas Effect 2.2.11 The Barkhausen Effect 2.2.12 The magnetothermal Effect 2.2.13 The Hughes EffectChapter 3Magnetic Parameters of Materials 3.1 Types of Magnetic Materials 3.1.1 Paramagnetic Materials 3.1.2 Diamagnetic Materials 3.1.3 Ferromagnetic Materials 3.1.4 Ferrimagnetic Materials 3.1.5 Antiferromagnetic Materials 3.1.6 Metamagnetic Materials 3.2 The Principal Concepts and Definitions 3.2.1 Susceptibility 3.2.2 Magnetic Flux Density 3.2.3 Magnetisation 3.2.4 The Various Permeabilities 3.2.5 Magnetic Losses 3.2.6 Permeability as a Function of Temperature 3.2.7 Losses as a Function of Temperature 3.2.8 Drop in Permeability With Time 3.2.9 Permeability as a Function of Frequency 3.2.10 Losses as a Function of Frequency 3.2.11 Magnetostriction 3.2.12 The Hysteresis Loop 3.2.13 The Demagnetising Factor 3.2.14 Magnetic AnisotropicsChapter 4The Magnetising Process and the Basis of the Hysteresis Loop 4.1 The Origin of Magnetism 4.2 Magnetic Domains 4.2.1 Making the Domains Visible 4.2.2 Size and Shape of Domains 4.2.3 The Bloch Wall 4.3 The Magnetising Process 4.3.1 Bloch-wall displacement 4.3.2 Bloch-wall energy 4.3.3 The reversible rotation process 4.3.4 The irreversible rotation process 4.4 Magnetising Processes and the Hysteresis Loop for Polycrystalline Materials 4.4.1 The initial magnetising curve 4.4.2 The limiting loop 4.4.3 The hysteresis family 4.4.4 The ideal magnetising curve 4.5 Magnetising Processes in Single Crystals 4.5.1 The iron single crystal 4.5.2 The nickel single crystal 4.5.3 The cobalt single crystal 4.5.4 Ferrite single crystals 4.6 Micromagnetics 4.7 Magnetisation of Thin Films 4.7.1 The Néel wall 4.7.2 Crosstie walls 4.7.3 Intermediate walls 4.8 The Rayleigh Loop 4.9 The Steinmetz Law 4.10 The Various Segments of the Hysteresis Loop and Their Practical ApplicationsChapter 5The Various Shapes of Hysteresis Loops and Their Physical Causes 5.1 The Normal Hysteresis Loop 5.2 The Rectangular Loop 5.2.1 Rectangular loops in metals 5.2.2 Rectangular loops in ferrites 5.3 Perminvar Loops 5.3.1 Perminvar loops in metals and alloys 5.3.2 Perminvar loops in ferrites 5.3.3 Transformation of Perminvar loops to rectangular shape 5.4 Isoperm Loops 5.4.1 Isoperm loops in metals and alloys 5.4.2 Isoperm loops in ferritesChapter 6Factors Influencing Magnetic Behaviour 6.1 The Influence of Impurities and Low-level Additives 6.1.1 Metallic materials 6.1.2 Oxide materials 6.2 Effect of the Manufacturing Process 6.2.1 Effect of rolling temperature for sheet or strip 6.2.2 Effect of heat treatment on high-permeability materials 6.2.3 Effect of heat treatment on permanent magnets 6.2.4 Effect of sintering on metallic dusts 6.2.5 Effect of sintering conditions on the preparation of ferrites 6.2.6 Shape effects 6.3 Effects due to Mechanical Working 6.3.1 Effect of winding strip cores 6.3.2 Effect of stacking 6.3.3 Effect of resin encapsulation 6.4 Ambient EffectsChapter 7Mechanical Properties 7.1 Crystal Structure 7.1.1 Iron 7.7.2 Nickel 7.1.3 Fe-Ni alloys 7.1.4 Cobalt 7.7.5 Cubic ferrites 7.7.