Electromagnetic Noise and Quantum Optical Measurements

1. Maxwell's Equations, Power, and Energy.- 2. Waveguides and Resonators.- 3. Diffraction, Dielectric Waveguides, Optical Fibers, and the Kerr Effect.- 4. Shot Noise and Thermal Noise.- 5. Linear Noisy Multiports.- 6. Quantum Theory of Waveguides and Resonators.- 7. Classical and Quantum Analysis of Phase-Insensitive Systems.- 8. Detection.- 9. Photon Probability Distributions and Bit-Error Rate of a Channel with Optical Preamplification.- 10. Solitons and Long-Distance Fiber Communications.- 11. Phase-Sensitive Amplification and Squeezing.- 12. Squeezing in Fibers.- 13. Quantum Theory of Solitons and Squeezing.- 14. Quantum Nondemolition Measurements and the "Collapse" of the Wave Function.- Epilogue.- Appendices.- A.1 Phase Velocity and Group Velocity of a Gaussian Beam.- A.2 The Hermite Gaussians and Their Defining Equation.- A.2.1 The Defining Equation of Hermite Gaussians.- A.2.2 Orthogonality Property of Hermite Gaussian Modes.- A.2.3 The Generating Function and Convolutions of Hermite Gaussians.- A.3 Recursion Relations of Bessel Functions.- A.4 Brief Review of Statistical Function Theory.- A.5 The Different Normalizations of Field Amplitudes and of Annihilation Operators.- A.5.1 Normalization of Classical Field Amplitudes.- A.5.2 Normalization of Quantum Operators.- A.6 Two Alternative Expressions for the Nyquist Source.- A.7 Wave Functions and Operators in the n Representation.- A.8 Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.- A.9 The Quantized Open-Resonator Equations.- A.10 Density Matrix and Characteristic Functions.- A.10.1 Example 1. Density Matrix of Bose-Einstein State.- A.10.2 Example 2. Density Matrix of Coherent State.- A.11 Photon States and Beam Splitters.- A.12 The Baker-Hausdorff Theorem.- A.12.1 Theorem 1.- A.12.2 Theorem 2.- A.12.3 MatrixForm of Theorem 1.- A.12.4 Matrix Form of Theorem 2.- A.13 The Wigner Function of Position and Momentum.- A.14 The Spectrum of Non-Return-to-Zero Messages.- A.15 Various Transforms of Hyperbolic Secants.- A.16 The Noise Sources Derived from a Lossless Multiport with Suppressed Terminals.- A.17 The Noise Sources of an Active System Derived from Suppression of Ports.- A.19 The Heisenberg Equation in the Presence of Dispersion.- References.