The last quarter-century has been marked by the extremely rapid growth of the solid-state sciences. They include what is now the largest subfield of physics, and the materials engineering sciences have likewise flourished. And, playing an active role throughout this vast area of science and engineer ing have been very large numbers of chemists. Yet, even though the role of chemistry in the solid-state sciences has been a vital one and the solid-state sciences have, in turn, made enormous contributions to chemical thought, solid-state chemistry has not been recognized by the general body of chemists as a major subfield of chemistry. Solid-state chemistry is not even well defined as to content. Some, for example, would have it include only the quantum chemistry of solids and would reject thermodynamics and phase equilibria; this is nonsense. Solid-state chemistry has many facets, and one of the purposes of this Treatise is to help define the field. Perhaps the most general characteristic of solid-state chemistry, and one which helps differentiate it from solid-state physics, is its focus on the chemical composition and atomic configuration of real solids and on the relationship of composition and structure to the chemical and physical properties of the solid. Real solids are usually extremely complex and exhibit almost infinite variety in their compositional and structural features.
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ISBN-13
978-1-4684-2664-9 (9781468426649)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4684-2664-9
Schweitzer Klassifikation
of Volume 3.- 1 Metastable Phases Produced by Rapid Quenching from the Vapor and the Liquid.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Techniques.- 3. Amorphous Phases.- 4. Metastable Elemental and Near-Elemental Crystalline Phases.- 5. Metastable Crystalline Intermediate Alloy Phases.- 6. Supersaturated Terminal or Intermediate Solid Solutions.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 2 Inclusion Compounds.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Metallic Clathrates.- 3. Boron Compounds.- 4. Graphite Intercalation Compounds.- 5. Chalcogenide Intercalation Compounds.- 6. Layered Halide and Similar Intercalation Compounds.- 7. Tungsten Bronzes and Similar Compounds.- Epilogue.- References.- 3 The Structural Chemistry of Some Complex Oxides: Ordered and Disordered Extended Defects.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Complex Structures Based on Crystallographic Shear.- 3. The Fluorite-Related Structures.- 4. Extended Defects in the NaCl Structure Type.- 5. Stoichiometry and Structure of Highly Conducting Solid Electrolytes.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 4 Interstitial Phases.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Crystallography of Interstitial Phases.- 3. Properties of Interstitial Phases.- 4. Summary.- References.- 5 Inorganic Amorphous Solids and Glass-Ceramic Materials.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Atomic Structure of Glasses.- 3. Submicrostructure of Glasses.- 4. Electronic Structure of Glasses.- 5. Glass Formation.- 6. Macrostructure of Glasses.- 7. Glass-Ceramic Materials.- 8. Concluding Discussion.- References.- 6 The Morphology of Crystalline Synthetic Polymers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Crystallinity in Polymers.- 3. The Morphology of Polymers Crystallized from Solution.- 4. The Morphology of Polymers Crystallized from the Melt.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 7 The Rate of Crystallization of Linear Polymers with Chain Folding.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Thermodynamic Preliminaries and Work of Chain Folding.- 3. Theory of Growth and Lamellar Thickness.- 4. Comparison of Theory and Experiment.- 5. Theories with Fluctuations of Fold Period.- 6. Homogeneous Nucleation in Polymers.- Acknowledgments.- Note Added in Proof.- References.- 8 Organic Molecular Crystals: Anthracene.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Molecule.- 3. The Crystal.- 4. Optical Absorption.- 5. Fluorescence.- 6. Energy Transport.- 7. Electrons and Holes.- 8. Theory.- References.- 9 Organic Molecular Crystals: Charge-Transfer Complexes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Development of Phenomenological Theory.- 3. Classification of ?-Molecular CT Crystals.- 4. Electronic Properties of Ion-Radical Crystals.- 5. Quantum Computations.- 6. Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.
