Abbreviations

A area (m2) A* adsorbed (activated) molecules of component A a catalyst activity as area per mass (m2 kg-1) A electron acceptor Ac acetyl CH3CO- AAS atomic absorption spectroscopy ADH alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme ADMET acyclic diene metathesis 6-APA 6-aminopenicillanic acid ads adsorbed (subscript) AES Auger electron spectroscopy aq aqueous solution (subscript) bcc body-centered cubic bipy 2,2´-bipyridine Bu butyl C4H9- BET Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller (adsorption process) ci concentration of component i (mol l-1) CB conduction band C.I. constraint index CMR catalytical membrane reactor Cp cyclopentadienyl C5H5- CSTR continuous stirred tank reactor D diffusion coefficient (m2 s-1) d deactivation (subscript) D electron donor DMFC direct methanol fuel cell DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide DVB divinylbenzene E E factor, rate of waste (kg) per product unit (kg) Ea activation energy (J mol-1) EF,0 Fermi level E enzyme ee enantiomeric excess (%) eff effective (subscript) Ei ionization energy Er redox potential (V) Et ethyl C2H5- ESCA electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis ESR electron spin resonance spectroscopy ETBE ethyl tert-butyl ether e electrons F Faraday constant (96 485 C mol-1) fcc face-centered cubic FCC fluid catalytic cracking ?G Gibb's free energy (J mol-1) G gas (subscript, too) GDP gross domestic product GHSV gas hourly space velocity (h-1) GTL gas to liquids H Henry's law constant Hex external holdup ?Hads adsorption enthalpy (J mol-1) ?Hf enthalpy change of formation (J mol-1) Hm modified Henry's law constant ?HR reaction enthalpy (J mol-1) HC hydrocarbon HDN hydrodenitrogenation HDPE high-density polyethylene HDS hydrodesulfurization 5-HMF 5-hydroxymethylfurfural HPA heteropolyacids HPPO hydrogen peroxide to propylene oxide hcp hexagonal close packing i intrinsic I inhibitor ICP inductively coupled plasma IL ionic liquid ISS ion-scattering spectroscopy K equilibrium constant Ki adsorption equilibrium constant of component i Ki inhibition constant KM Michaelis constant k reaction rate constant k0 pre-exponential factor kL aL gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient kS aS liquid-solid mass transfer coefficient ktot global mass transfer coefficient L liquid (subscript) L ligand LCF lignocellulose feedstock LDPE low-density polyethylene l-DOPA 2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid LEED low-energy electron diffraction LHSV liquid hourly space velocity (h-1) LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene LPG liquefied petrol gas LSR light straight run (naphtha) LF liquid feed (l min-1) M metal m mass (kg) mcat. mass of catalyst (kg) MA maleic anhydride MAO methylaluminoxane MCM-41 mesoporous material MSR microstructured reactor MTG methanol to gasoline MTO methanol to olefins MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether MTP methanol to propylene MWD molecular weight distribution Me methyl CH3- n number of moles (mol) n order of reaction n degree of polymerization flow rate (mol s-1) feed flow rate of starting material A (mol s-1) NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor NSR NOx storage reduction OCS oxygen storage component ODE ordinary differential equation ON octane number Oxad oxidative addition P total pressure (bar) PA phthalic anhydride PE polyethylene PEG polyethylene glycol PEMFC proton exchange membrane fuel cell PFR plug flow reactor PP polypropylene PVI pore volume impregnation Ph phenyl C6H5- PPh3 triphenylphosphine PTC phase-transfer catalysis p pressure (bar) pi partial pressure of component i (bar) py pyridine R ideal gas law constant (J mol-1 K-1) R recycle ratio R alkyl RCM ring-closing metathesis ROMP ring-opening metathesis polymerization RON research octane number RTD residence time distribution r reaction rate (mol l-1 h-1) reff effective reaction rate per unit mass of catalyst (mol kg-1...