Flare Stars

Preface to the English EditionEditor's PrefaceFrom the Preface by the Author to the Russian EditionFrom the Preface of the Russian EditionChapter 1. General Information about Flare Stars 1. Discovery of the Flare Phenomenon in Stars 2. Flare Stars in the Neighborhood of the Sun 3. Flare Stars in Stellar Associations 4. The Morphological Composition of Flare Stars 5. Definition of a Flare 6. The Lightcurve. Two Types of Flares 7. The Parameters of the Lightcurve 8. The Rate of Development of the Flare 9. The Flare as an Accidental Phenomenon 10. Energy Distribution in the Spectra of Flare Stars 11. Flare Frequency 12. The Amplitude of the Flares 13. The Distribution Function of the Amplitudes of FlaresChapter 2. The Hypothesis of Transformation of Infrared Photons 1. The Nonthermal Nature of the Continuous Emission 2. Main Properties of Flares in Unstable Stars 3. The Hypothesis of Transformation of Infrared PhotonsChapter 3. The Inverse Compton Effect 1. Collision of a Photon with a Thermal Electron 2. Collision of a Photon with a Relativistic Electron. The Inverse Compton Effect 3. The Effective Cross-Section for a Collision of a Photon with a Relativistic Electron 4. The Double Inverse Compton Effect 5. Polarization of the Radiation 6. Fast ElectronsChapter 4. Transfer of Radiation through a Medium of Fast Electrons 1. The Statement of the Problem 2. The Equation of Radiation Transfer 3. Application to Stellar Photospheres 4. The Case of an Exponential Law for the Energy Distribution of the Electrons 5. Fast Electrons with a Gaussian Distribution 6. The Shell of Fast Electrons Around the Star 7. Application to Double Stars 8. Stellar Atmospheres Consisting of a Mixture of Thermal and Fast Electrons 9. The Deviation of the Stellar Radiation from Planck's LawChapter 5. The Continuous Spectrum of a Flare 1. The Theoretical Dpectrum of a Star during a Flare 2. Theoretical Spectra of Stars of Different Classes during Flares 3. The Spectrum of the Pure Flare 4. Continuous Spectra 5. Results of Multi-Channel Photometry 6. Flare Spectra for the Case of Gaussian Distribution of Fast ElectronsChapter 6. Brightness of Flares 1. Theoretical Flare Amplitudes 2. Comparison with the Observations 3. Stars of UV Cet Type 4. The Average Strength of the Flares 5. Results of Three-Color Observations of Flares 6. Internal Agreement of Flare Amplitudes 7. Theoretical Amplitudes of the Fluctuations in Brightness for Thermal Processes 8. The Dependence of Flare Amplitude on Stellar Spectral Class 9. Interpretation of a Flare of H II 1306 10. Unusual Flare of the Star Hero 177 11. A Flare of a Star of Class K 12. A Flare of a Star of Class A 13. An Ultraviolet Flare of W UMa 14. The Probable Value of the Energy of the Fast Electrons 15. Energy Losses by Fast Electrons and by the Star during the Flare 16. The Negative Infrared Flare 17. Results of Observation of Stellar Flares at Infrared Wavelengths 18. The Frequency of Negative Infrared Flares 19. Flare Amplitudes in the Extreme Ultraviolet 20. The Effect of the Luminosity Decrease of the Star before the Flare 21. Short-Lived Flares 22. Radiative Energy Losses through the Flares 23. The Energy of a FlareChapter 7. Color Indices of Flares 1. Theoretical Color Indices 2. Theoretical Dependence of U - B on B - V 3. The Dependence of U - B on B - V in the Case of a Hot Gas 4. Comparison with Observations 5. Drift of Star in Color Diagram during Flare 6. Dependence of Color on Flare Amplitude 7. Color Indices Due Only to the Flare 8. Color Indices of the "Pure" Flare and the Fast Electron Hypothesis 9. Color "Portraits" of Flare Stars 10. Infrared "diagnostics" of flare starsChapter 8. Bremsstrahlung from Fast Electrons 1.