Lawless Borders

Introduction: Setting the Scene





Part I: The Rule of Law Deficit in State Border Control Practices: From the External to the Externalized Border





1. The Proliferation and Mutation of Extraterritorial Immigration Control


2. The Rule of Law Deficit on the Border: The European Union Pact on Migration and Asylum


3. Border Control through the Hostile Environment





Part II: Border Violence and Rule of Law: Examining the Role of Frontex in Lawless Border Control





4. Borders, Power and Accountability: The Case of Frontex


5. Frontex: Management and Internal Oversight


6. EU External Oversight of Frontex and Border Violence





Part III: The Erosion of the Rule of Law through the Development of Europe's Techno-Borders





7. Technology-led Border Surveillance and the Rule of Law: Eurosur as a 'Foggy' Network of Information Exchange


8. EU Large-scale IT Systems for Third-country Nationals Beyond the Rule of Law


9. From Digitalization to Algorithmization in European Border Management: Automation, Artificial Intelligence and the Rule of Law


10. Conclusion: Restoring the Rule of Law on the Border