The discovery that the same or similar peptides are present in endocrine cells and in neurons is one of the most exciting and provocative recent developments in biology. Suddenly neurophysiologists and endocrinologists have found that they have a great deal to discuss with each other. Substances originally isolated as hypothalamic hormones turn out to be abundantly present in neurons of other parts of the brain and in endocrine cells and neurons of the gut and pancreas. Similarly, substances originally isolated as gut hormones are found not only in gut endocrine cells but also in gut neurons and in brain neurons. It turns out that the group of peptides that we are accustomed to call gastrointestinal hormones are not all confined to the gastrointestinal tract and are not all solely hormones. We are learning that the chemical transmitters of the neurocrine, endocrine, and paracrine systems form a single group of related substances. This volume contains the latest installments in this fascinating story. It tells how these pep tides were isolated and their amino acid sequences determined, how the heterogeneity of most, perhaps all, of these peptides is being revealed as variant forms of them are discovered, how antibodies to these peptides are used as powerful tools to measure their concentrations in body fluids and to localize the cells in which they are synthesized and stored, and, finally, how the role of these substances in normal physiology and in pathological states is being unraveled.
Reihe
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Illustrationen
32
32 s/w Abbildungen
X, 326 p. 32 illus.
Dateigröße
ISBN-13
978-1-4684-7248-6 (9781468472486)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4684-7248-6
Schweitzer Klassifikation
The Gastrointestinal Hormones: An Overview.- A Short History of Digestive Endocrinology.- Endocrine Cells of the Gastrointestinal Tract: General Aspects, Ultrastructure and Tumour Pathology.- How Does a Candidate Peptide Become a Hormone?.- Peptidergic Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract.- Polypeptides of the Amphibian Skin Active on the Gut and their Mammalian Counterparts.- Paired Immunohistochemical Staining of Gastrin-producing Cells (G cells) and Parietal Cells in Paraffin Sections of Human Gastric Mucosa.- Histamine H2-Receptors and Gastric Secretion.- The Gastrins: Structure and Heterogeneity.- Biological Activity and Clearance of Gastrin Peptides in Dog and Man: Effects of Varying Chain Length of Peptide Fragments.- Different Forms of Gastrin in Peptic Ulcer.- Antral G Cells and Mucosal Gastrin Concentration in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Duodenal Ulcer.- Role of the Small Bowel in Regulating Serum Gastrin and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP) Levels and Gastric Acid Secretion.- Cimetidine Treatment in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.- Calcitonin, Parathyroid Hormone and Insulin Concentrations in Sera from Patients with Gastrinoma.- Hormonal Control of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter in Man and Dog: Reevaluation of the Present Manometric Method for Diagnosis of GE Reflux.- Progress in Intestinal Hormone Research.- Trophic Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Pancreozymin upon the Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas.- Enteropancreatic Axis.- Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP).- Physiology and Pathophysiology of GIP.- Gastric-Glucagon: Physiology and Pathology.- The Glucagonoma Syndrome.- VIP: the Cause of the Watery Diarrhoea Syndrome.- Secretin Release in Man: Current Status.- Secretin, Gastrin and Pancreatic Bicarbonate Responses to Meals Varying in pH Levels.-Role of the Vagus in Endogenous Release of Secretin and Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion in Dog.- The Effect of Atropine on Secretin Release and Pancreatic Bicarbonate Secretion after Duodenal Acidification in Man.- Immunoreactive Secretin Release and Pure Pancreatic Juice after Duodenal Infusion of Bile in Man.- Somatostatin and Gastrointestinal Secretion and Motility.- The Inhibitory Action of Somatostatin on the Stomach.- Recent Advances in Motilin Research: its Physiological and Clinical Significance.- Glucagon Secretion Induced by Bombesin in Man.- Polypeptides in Brain and Gut: Cholecystokinin-like Peptides.- Motilin-, Substance P- and Somatostatin-like Immunoreactivities in Extracts from Dog, Tupaia and Monkey Brain and GI Tract.- Prostaglandins and Serotonin in Diarrheogenic Syndromes.- Prostaglandins and Gastrointestinal Secretion and Motility.- Radioimmunoassay of Secretin.- Radioimmunoassay of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) in Plasma.- Effects of Bombesin and Calcium on Serum Gastrin Levels in Patients with Retained or Excluded Antral Mucosa.
