Interactive Robotics: Legal, Ethical, Social and Economic Aspects

Name: Interactive Robotics: Legal, Ethical, Social and Economic Aspects | Selected Contributions to the INBOTS Conference 2021, 18-20 May, 2021
Brand: Springer
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Selected Contributions to the INBOTS Conference 2021, 18-20 May, 2021

María Amparo Grau Ruiz(Herausgeber*in)

Springer (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 3. Mai 2022

XVIII, 248 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
Foreword
Preface
Organization
Committees
Organizing Committee of the INBOTS Conference 2021
Organizing Committee of the WP2 Session on ELSE Issues
Contents
Ethics
Basic Issues in AI Policy
1 AI
2 AI Ethics
3 Ethical AI
3.1 Explanation
3.2 AI Ethics Guidelines
4 AI Policy
4.1 Definition
4.2 Policy Aims
4.3 Policy Means
4.4 EU Regulatory Efforts
References
Ethical Issues Relating to the Environmental Impact of Social Robots
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Human Vulnerability and Inclusive Robotics
1 Introduction
2 Human Vulnerability
3 Vulnerability and Technology
4 Technology-Friendly, Non-essentialist Account of Vulnerability
5 Conclusion
References
Robot-Human Gaze Behaviour: The Role of Eye Contact and Eye-Gaze Patterns in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)
1 Introduction
2 Joint Attention and Joint Action with Social Robots
3 Feature Engineering for HRI: The Necessity of the Eyes
4 Conclusion
References
Neuro-Rights for Human-Machine Interaction
1 Human Beings as Socio-Technical Systems
2 Some Essential Risks
3 New Human Rights: Neuro-Rights
4 Conclusion
References
Rethinking Environmental Vulnerability
1 Introduction
2 Terms and Methods
2.1 Environment
2.2 Vulnerability
2.3 Methods
3 Argument and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Work
The Ethical Debate on Human Work: A Labour Law Approach
1 Introduction: Aspects and Characteristics of Human Work
2 AI, Robots and Machines: Do They Have Rights?
3 Human Work and Social Justice: The Foundation on Which to Build the Future
References
Digitalisation: Shaping the Way We Work
1 Introduction
2 Shaping the Way We Work
References
Robotisation and Its Social Implications: The Skills Gaps and Digital Learning
1 Introduction
2 Labour Market Polarisation
2.1 Skill Gaps and Wage Gaps
2.2 Training and Qualification: Digital Learning
2.3 Proposals of Vocational Training for Employment
3 Conclusion
References
A Skilled Workforce - Ready to Contribute to Tomorrow's World of Work
1 Introduction
Inclusive Robotics for the Employment of People with Disabilities
1 Introduction
2 Current Work Situation of People with Disabilities
3 Robot Definition
4 Some Examples of Inclusive Robotics for People with Disabilities
4.1 Physical Disability [11]
4.2 Sensory Disability: Speech Impairment
4.3 Sensory Disability: Blind People
4.4 Sensory and Intellectual Disability
4.5 For All Types of Disability
5 Conclusion
References
Diligence of IT Security: Employee Awareness Tests as a Legal Challenge in Portugal
1 Introduction
2 A Few Conclusions
References
Economy, Intellectual Property and Taxation
Robot and Automation. Which are the Impacts on the Productivity, Jobs and Inequality of the Countries?
1 Introduction
2 Robot Density, Productivity and Unemployment
3 Job Loss or Job Creation?
4 Does Automation Increase or Reduce Inequality in Countries?
5 Conclusion
References
Intellectual Property Law and Robotics
1 Introduction
2 Novel Issues
2.1 IP and Robotics
2.2 Smart Robots
3 The Field of Robotics
4 Conclusion
Robot-A(I)rtists and Tax Provisions
1 Introduction
2 Robots, AI and the Arts
3 Reasons Why Robots and AI Creativity Becomes Relevant in the Tax Realm
3.1 The Concept of Work of Art in VAT Provisions
3.2 The Concept of Work of Art in Direct Tax Provisions
3.3 Can Robotic/AI Art Fall Under the Tax Concept of Work of Art?
4 Conclusion
References
Taxing Robots
1 Introduction
2 Why Taxing Robots is Problematic
3 Why Taxing Robots is Appealing
4 Conclusion
References
Taxing Robots or Artificial Intelligence
1 Introduction
2 Current Perspective of the Proposal
3 Legal Justifications of a Tax on Artificial Intelligence or Robots
4 A Need for an International Coordination
Taxes on the Use of Robots
1 Introduction
2 Different Types of Taxation
2.1 Direct and Indirect Taxation
2.2 Subjective and Objective Taxation
2.3 Personal and Real Taxation
3 Structure of the Robot Tax
3.1 Subjective Element
3.2 Objective Element
4 The Concept of Notional Imputed Income
References
The Need to Assign a Tax Value to Economic Activities Based on Data Transactions
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Review of Existing Proposals
6 Conclusions
References
The Robotisation of Tax Administration
1 Introduction
2 The Growth of AI in Tax Administration
3 The Risks of Using AI in Tax Administration
4 Conclusion
References
The Digitalization of Relations Between Citizens and Tax Administrations
1 Introduction
2 The Leadership of the Electronic Tax Agency
2.1 A Pioneer in the Massive Use of Electronic Tools
2.2 From the Traditional Administrative Procedure to the Cooperative Relationship
2.3 A Potential Threat to Citizens' Rights
3 Limits to Technology
3.1 General Principles and Rights
3.2 Take off of Digital Rights
4 Conclusion
References
Robotization in Excise Duties: Has It Arrived with the Immediate Supply of Accounting Books (SILICIE)?
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Artificial Intelligence and Robots: The Role of Tax Legislator, A Conundrum to Solve
1 Introduction
2 Taxing or Incentiving?
3 Digitalization of Fiscal Administration: Self-compliance Instruments and Means of Contrast to Illicit Tax Practices
4 Conclusion
References
Social Security and Robotization
1 Introduction
2 Sustainability Concerns Affecting Both the Social Security System and the Companies
3 An Integrative Solution Combining Principles in the Tax and the Social Security Systems
4 An Approach Coherent with the Proposals Made by the International Social Security Association
5 Remark on Positive Impacts of Robotics
6 Conclusion
References
Pensions, Robotics and Taxes, the New Challenges of Taxation
1 Introduction
2 Wellfare System Crisis
3 The Contribution of Robots to Pensions
4 Some Tax Measures That Can Complement the Reduction in Income from the Spread of Automation
5 Conclusion
References
Taxation and Robotics in the Recent EU Context: Should My Dishwasher Contribute to Repay the Post-COVID-19 Debt?
1 Introduction
2 COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis
3 Robot Tax as Contribute to Repay the Post-COVID-19 Debt
4 Conclusion
References
Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability
Technological Change and Regulatory Protection of the Autonomy of People with Disabilities
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Robotics, Childhood and Youth
1 Introduction
2 Present Situation
3 Texts Requiring Adaptation
3.1 In General
3.2 Specifically
4 New Standards?
5 Conclusion
References
Interactive Robotics and Children's Human Rights
1 Three Domains of Robot-Child Interaction
2 Dignity and Human Rights in Child-Robot Interaction
3 Ethical Requirements for Robotics Design
4 Conclusions
References
Analysis of Sustainability Reports in Two Industrial Companies
1 Introduction
2 Analysis of the Ottobock Company Report Leadership of the Electronic Tax Agency
3 Össur Company Report Analysis
4 Conclusion
References
Intelligent Management and Control of Data Contained in Non-financial Reporting
1 Introduction
2 The Control Systems Required in the NFR by the European Union at the Present Time
3 The Possibilities of Improving NFR Controls Through Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain
4 Correlation of These Improvements with Environmental Taxation
5 Conclusion
References
Governance and Regulation
How to Better Involve Organised Civil Society in Regulating Robotics
1 Introduction
2 Discussions
3 Towards a Strengthened Framework for Co-operation
References
Can the Legal Requirements Foreseen for Other Sectors Aimed at Protecting the Market and, Ultimately, the People and Users Themselves, Be Transferred to the Robotics Industry Sector?
1 Introduction
2 The Correct Supervision of Robots
3 Consumers Protection
4 Conclusion
References
Perspectives from the Legal Practice: Robotics
1 Introduction
2 Perspectives from Legal Practice
2.1 Sophia the Robot and the Metaverse
2.2 Tesla Bot
2.3 Transhumanism: Politics of Hybridizing Humans with Robots
2.4 Human Rights in the New Wave of Transhumanism
2.5 Three Paraplegics Walk Again One Day After Receiving Electronic Implants
2.6 The Phenomenon of Self-driving Cars
3 Conclusion
LIAISON: Liaising Robot Development and Policymaking to Reduce the Complexity in Robot Legal Compliance
1 Introduction
2 A Legal 'Tragedy of the Commons'
3 Liaison: The Model
4 Key Findings, Lessons Learned and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Towards Evidence-Based Standard-Making for Robot Governance
1 Introduction
2 The FSTP Propelling within H2020 Eurobench
3 Literature Search Findings
4 Robot Regulatory Gap Testing
5 Improving the Knowledge about Protective Stops
6 Conclusions
References
Medical Nanorobots: The Biocompatibility Constraints of Clinical Translation
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Background
3.1 Aspirations of Higher AI
3.2 The Biocompatibility Problem
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in the United States
1 Introduction
2 Why Does the us Regulate AI?
3 What AI Does the us Regulate?
3.1 Standards and Adoption
3.2 Education and Research
3.3 Personal Information
3.4 Algorithms and Automated Decision-Making
3.5 Context-and Domain-Specific Policy
4 How Does the US Administer its AI Regulation?
5 What is the Future of US AI Regulation?
6 Conclusion
References
Priorities in the European Union's Digital Decade with Special Reference to the Spain Plan
1 Introduction
2 Instrumentalisation Towards Digital Transformation
3 The Spain Plan
4 Measures for the Modernisation and Digitisation of the Industrial Fabric and SMES
5 Fiscal Impact of Digitisation from the Perspective of the Recovery Plan
6 Conclusion
References
Author Index

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