Oracle Database 12c Release 2 Real Application Clusters Handbook: Concepts, Administration, Tuning & Troubleshooting

Name: Oracle Database 12c Release 2 Real Application Clusters Handbook: Concepts, Administration, Tuning & Troubleshooting
Brand: McGraw Hill LLC
Price: 147.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

K. Gopalakrishnan Sam R. Alapati(Autor*in)

McGraw Hill LLC (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 22. Februar 2018

608 Seiten

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978-0-07-183047-8 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents at a Glance
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
PART I High Availability Architecture and Clusters
1 Introduction to High Availability and Scalability
High Availability
HA Terminology
Planned and Unplanned Outages
An End-to-End Perspective
Cost of Downtime
Building Redundant Components
Common Solutions for HA
Cluster, Cold Failover, and Hot Failover
HA Option Pros and Cons
Scalability
The Oracle RAC Solution
Agility
The Oracle Database 12c RAC Solution
Summary
2 Oracle Database Clustering Basics and Its Evolution
Cloud Computing with Clusters
Shared Storage in Clustering
Types of Clustering Architectures
Hadoop Clusters
Architecture of Hadoop
Historical Background of Oracle RAC
Oracle Parallel Storage Evaluation
Oracle Parallel Server Architecture
Components of an OPS Database
Cluster Group Services (CGS)
Distributed Lock Manager (DLM)
Locking Concepts in Oracle Parallel Server
Cache Fusion Stage 1, CR Server
The Oracle RAC Solution
Availability
Scalability
Affordability
Summary
3 Oracle RAC Architecture
Introduction to Oracle Real Application Clusters
Single-Instance Environment vs. Oracle RAC Environment
Oracle Flex Clusters
Oracle Extended Clusters
Oracle Multitenant and Oracle RAC
Administrator- vs. Policy-Managed Databases
Dynamic Services
Oracle Database Quality of Service Management
Oracle RAC Components
Shared Disk System
Oracle Clusterware
The Oracle High Availability Services Technology Stack
Oracle RAC Networking Concepts and Components
Key Networking Concepts
The Networking Stack Components
Oracle Kernel Components
Global Cache and Global Enqueue Services
Global Resource Directory
Oracle RAC Background Processes
Summary
PART II Installation, Configuration, and Storage
4 Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation
An Overview of the Grid Infrastructure Installation Process
Preinstallation Tasks
Understanding the Installer, CVU, and ORAchk
Configuring the Operating System
Configuring the Network
Configuring NTP
Setting Up the Groups and Users
Creating the Required Linux Directories
Configuring Shared Storage
Secure Shell and User Limits Configuration
Setting User Limits
Configuring the Kernel Parameters
Running the Cluster Verification Utility
Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure with OUI
Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Choosing the Installation Options and Naming Your Cluster
Specifying the Cluster Nodes and Verifying SSH Connectivity
Specifying the Network Interfaces
Selecting the Storage Options
Specifying Management Options and Privileged OS System Groups
Performing the Prerequisite Checks
Running the root Scripts
The Product Installation
Verifying the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation
Summary
5 Installing Oracle RAC and Creating an Oracle RAC Database
Installing Oracle Real Application Clusters
Creating the Oracle RAC Database
Summary
6 Automatic Storage Management
Standard Oracle ASM and Oracle Flex ASM
Introduction to Automatic Storage Management
Physical Limits of ASM
ASM in Operation
ASM Building Blocks
Managing Oracle ASM Files and Directories
ASM Filenames
Creating and Referencing ASM Files
Managing Disk Group Directories
ASM Administration and Management
Managing an ASM Instance
ASM Initialization Parameters
Managing ASM Disk Groups
Creating a Disk Group
Adding Disks to a Disk Group
Dropping, Undropping, Resizing, and Renaming Disks in a Disk Group
Administering ACFS
Setting Up ACFS
Creating an ACFS Snapshot
ASM Disk Rebalancing
Manually Rebalancing a Disk Group
Rebalancing Phase Options
Monitoring the Performance of Balancing Operations
Tuning Disk Rebalancing Operations
Backup and Recovery in ASM
ASM Flex Clusters
Configuration of Oracle ASM in Flex ASM
Setting Up Flex ASM
Managing ASM Flex Disk Groups
Understanding ASM File Groups and ASM Quota Groups
Oracle Extended Disk Groups
ASM Tools
ASMCA: The ASM Configuration Assistant
ASMCMD: The ASM Command-Line Utility
ASM FTP Utility
ASMLib
Installing ASMLib
Configuring ASMLib
Oracle ASM Filter Driver (Oracle ASMFD)
Summary
PART III Oracle RAC Administration and Management
7 Oracle RAC Basic Administration
Oracle RAC Initialization Parameters
Parameters That Are Unique to an Instance
Identical Parameters
Instance Parameters That "Should" Be the Same
Managing the Parameter File
Backing Up the Server Parameter File
Search Order for the Parameter Files in an Oracle RAC Database
Starting and Stopping Instances
Using SRVCTL to Start/Stop Databases and Instance(s)
Administering the Oracle ASM Instances
Using CRSCTL to Stop Databases and Instances
Using SQL*Plus to Start/Stop Instances
Common SRVCTL Management Commands
Database-Related SRVCTL Commands
Instance-Related SRVCTL Commands
Listener-Related SRVCTL Commands
Setting, Unsetting, and Displaying the Environment Variables
Changing the Configuration of Databases and Instances
Relocating Services
Removing the Configuration Information for Specific Targets
Predicting the Impact of Failures
Managing Pluggable Databases in a RAC Environment
Administering Undo in an Oracle RAC Database
Administering a Temporary Tablespace
Managing Traditional (Global) Tablespaces
Managing Local Temporary Tablespaces
Hierarchy of Temporary Tablespaces
Administering Online Redo Logs
Enabling Archive Logs in the Oracle RAC Environment
Enabling the Flashback Area
Managing Database Configuration with SRVCTL
Killing Sessions on Specific Instances of a Cluster
Managing Database Objects
Managing Sequences
Managing Tables
Managing Indexes
Scope of SQL Commands
Database Connections
Administering Server Pools
Configuring Server Pools
Consolidation of Databases
Creating a Server Pool
Converting an Administrator-Managed Database to a Policy-Managed Database
Summary
8 Managing Oracle Clusterware
Configuring and Administering Oracle Clusterware
Benefits of Server Pools
Server Pools and Policy-Based Management
Server Pools and Categorization
How Server Pools Work
Types of Server Pools
Creating Server Pools
Evaluating the Addition of a Server Pool
Deleting a Server Pool
Role-Separated Management
Managing Cluster Administrators
Configuring Role Separation
Using the crsctl setperm Command
Weight-Based Server Node Eviction
Administering SCAN
Starting and Stopping SCAN
Displaying the SCAN Status
Administering the Grid Naming Service (GNS)
Using the CLUVFY Utility for Managing Oracle RAC
Clusterware Startup
The Clusterware Startup Process
Clusterware Starting Sequence
Oracle Clusterware Auto-Startup
Oracle Clusterware Manual Startup
Using CRSCTL to Manage the Clusterware
Starting and Stopping CRS
Clusterized (Cluster-Aware) CRSCTL Commands
Verifying the Status of CRS
Disabling and Enabling CRS
The CRSCTL EVAL Commands
Using Other Utilities to Manage Oracle Clusterware
Using the olsnodes Command
The GPnP Tool
The Cluster Health Monitor
The OCLUMON Tool
Oracle Interface Configuration: oifcfg
Cluster Configuration Utility: clscfg
The Cluster Name Check Utility: cemutlo
Oracle Trace File Analyzer
Administering the OCR
Checking OCR Integrity
Dumping OCR Information
Managing the OCR with the OCRCONFIG Utility
Maintaining a Mirror OCR
Migrating the OCR to ASM
Administering the Oracle Local Registry
Administering the Voting Disks
Using ASM Storage for Voting Files
Backing Up Voting Disks
Restoring Voting Disks
Adding and Deleting Voting Disks
Migrating Voting Disks
Summary
9 Oracle RAC Backup and Recovery
Introduction to Backups
Oracle Backup Options
Oracle Backup Basics
Performing Backups in Oracle
Instance Recovery in Oracle RAC
Redo Threads and Streams
Redo Records and Change Vectors
Checkpoints
Crash Recovery
Steps in Crash Recovery (Single Instance)
Crash Recovery in Oracle RAC
Instance Recovery
Crash Recovery and Media Recovery
Bounded Recovery
Block-Written Record (BWR)
Past Image (PI)
Two-Pass Recovery
Cache Fusion Recovery
Dynamic Reconfiguration and Affinity Remastering
Fast Reconfiguration in Oracle RAC
Internals of Cache Fusion Recovery
Backup and Recovery of the Voting Disk and OCR
Backup and Recovery of Voting Disks
Backup and Recovery of OCR
Validating OCR Backups
Summary
10 Oracle RAC Performance Management
Oracle RAC Design Considerations
Oracle Design Best Practices
Oracle RAC-Specific Design Best Practices
Partitioning the Workload
Scalability and Performance
Choosing the Block Size for an Oracle RAC Database
Introduction to the V$ and GV$ Views
Parallel Query Slaves
V$ Views Containing Cache Fusion Statistics
Oracle RAC Wait Events
Understanding Cluster Waits
Global Cache Statistics
Global Cache Statistics Summary
Global Cache Service Times
Global Cache Service Times Summary
Enqueue Tuning in Oracle RAC
Oracle AWR Report
Interpreting the AWR Report
ADDM
ASH Reports
Tuning the Cluster Interconnect
Verifying That Private Interconnect Is Used
Interconnect Latencies
Verifying That Network Interconnect Is Not Saturated
Summary
PART IV Advanced Oracle RAC Concepts
11 Global Resource Directory
Resources and Enqueues
Grants and Conversions
Locks and Enqueues
Cache Coherency
Global Enqueue Services
Latches and Enqueues
Global Locks Database and Structure
Messaging in Oracle RAC
Global Cache Services
Lock Modes and Lock Roles
Consistent Read Processing
GCS Resource Mastering
Read-Mostly Locking
Summary
12 A Closer Look at Cache Fusion
Key Components in Cache Fusion
Ping
Deferred Ping
Past Image (PI) Blocks
Lock Mastering
Types of Contention
Cache Fusion I, or Consistent Read Server
Cache Fusion II, or Write/Write Cache Fusion
Cache Fusion in Operation
Cache Fusion Walkthrough
Resource Mastering and Remastering
Background Processes and Cache Fusion
LMON: Lock Monitor Process
LMS: Lock Manager Server
LMD: Lock Manager Daemon Process (LMDn)
LCKn: Lock Process (LCK0)
DIAG: Diagnostic Daemon (DIAG)
Summary
13 Workload Management, Connection Management, and Application Continuity
Understanding Dynamic Database Services
Service Characteristics
Services and Policy-Managed Databases
Resource Management and Services
Using Services with Oracle Scheduler
Administering Services
Using Views to Get Service Information
Distributed Transaction Processing
AQ_HA_Notifications
Workload Distribution and Load Balancing
Hardware and Software Load Balancing
Client-Side Load Balancing
Server-Side Load Balancing
Transparent Application Failover
TAF Considerations
Workload Balancing
Measuring Workloads by Service
Using Service-Level Thresholds
Oracle RAC High Availability Features
High Availability, Notifications, and FAN
Event-Based Notification
Application Failure Issues
Using Transaction Guard for Efficient Client Failover
Application Continuity for Masking Database Outages
Summary
14 Oracle RAC Troubleshooting
Installation Log Files
Log Directory Structure in the Oracle RDBMS
Log Directory Structure in Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Troubleshooting a Failed Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation
Inside the Database Alert Log
RAC ON and OFF
Database Performance Issues
Hung Database
Hanganalyze Utility
Debugging Node Eviction Issues
Cluster Health Monitor
Instance Membership Recovery
Advanced Debugging for Oracle Clusterware Modules
Debugging Various Utilities in Oracle RAC
Using ORAchk to Troubleshoot RAC
Summary
PART V Deploying Oracle RAC
15 Extending Oracle RAC for Maximum Availability
Benefits of Extended RAC Clusters
Full Utilization of Resources
Extremely Rapid Recovery
Design Considerations
Speed of Light
Network Connectivity
Cache Fusion Performance
Data Storage
Common Techniques for Data Mirroring
Array-Based Mirroring
Host-Based Mirroring
ASM Preferred Read
Challenges in Extended Clusters
Extended Oracle RAC Limitations
Extended Oracle RAC vs. Oracle Data Guard
Summary
16 Developing Applications for Oracle RAC
Application Partitioning
Best Practice: Application Partitioning Schemes
Data Partitioning
Best Practice: Guidance Systems
Buffer Busy Waits/Block Contention
Index Partitioning
Buffer Busy Waits: Index Branch/Leaf Blocks Contention
Sorted Hash Clusters
Working with Sequences
CACHE and NOORDER
CACHE and ORDER
NOCACHE and ORDER
Best Practice: Use Different Sequences for Each Instance
Connection Management
Full Table Scans
Identifying Full Table Scans
Interconnect Protocol
Ethernet Frame Size
Library Cache Effect in the Parsing
Commit Frequency
Summary
PART VI Appendixes
A Oracle RAC Reference
Global Cache Services and Cache Fusion Diagnostics
V$CACHE
V$CACHE_TRANSFER
V$INSTANCE_CACHE_TRANSFER
V$CR_BLOCK_SERVER
V$CURRENT_BLOCK_SERVER
V$GC_ELEMENT
Global Enqueue Services Diagnostics
V$LOCK
V$GES_BLOCKING_ENQUEUE
V$ENQUEUE_STATISTICS
V$LOCKED_OBJECT
V$GES_STATISTICS
V$GES_ENQUEUE
V$GES_CONVERT_LOCAL
V$GES_CONVERT_REMOTE
V$GES_RESOURCE
Dynamic Resource Remastering Diagnostics
V$HVMASTER_INFO
V$GCSHVMASTER_INFO
V$GCSPFMASTER_INFO
Cluster Interconnect Diagnostics
V$CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS
V$CONFIGURED_INTERCONNECTS
B Adding and Removing Cluster Nodes
Adding a Node
Performing Pre-Installation Checks
Executing the addNode.sh Script
Installing the Oracle Database Software
Creating a Database Instance
Removing a Node
Deleting the Instance on the Node to Be Deleted
Removing the Node from the Database
Removing the RAC4 Node from the Clusterware
Index

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