Smart Antennas

INTRODUCTION Antenna Gain Phased Array Antenna Power Pattern Beam Steering Degree of Freedom Optimal Antenna Adaptive Antenna Smart Antenna Summary NARROWBAND PROCESSING Signal Model Conventional Beamformer Null Steering Beamformer Optimal Beamformer Optimization Using Reference Signal Beam Space Processing Effect of Errors Notation and Abbreviations References ADAPTIVE PROCESSING Sample Matrix Inversion Algorithm Unconstrained Least Mean Squares Algorithm Normalized Least Mean Squares Algorithm Constrained Least Mean Squares Algorithm Perturbation Algorithms Structured Gradient Algorithm Recursive LMS Algorithm Improved Least Mean Squares Algorithm Recursive Least Squares Algorithm. Constant Modulus Algorithm Conjugate Gradient Method Neural Network Approach Adaptive Beam Space Processing Signal Sensitivity of Constrained LMS Algorithm Implementation Issues Notation and Abbreviations References Appendices BROADBAND PROCESSING Tapped-Delay Line Structure Partitioned Realization Derivative Constrained Processor. Correlation Constrained Processor Digital Beamforming Frequency Domain Processing Broadband Processing Using Discrete Fourier Transform Method Performance Notation and Abbreviations References CORRELATED FIELDS Correlated Signal Model Optimal Element Space Processor Optimized Postbeamformer Interference Canceler Processor Signal-to-Noise Ratio Performance Methods to Alleviate Correlation Effects Spatial Smoothing Method Structured Beamforming Method Correlated Broadband Sources Notation and Abbreviations References DIRECTION-OF-ARRIVAL ESTIMATION METHODS Spectral Estimation Methods Minimum Variance Distortionless Response Estimator Linear Prediction Method Maximum Entropy Method Maximum Likelihood Method Eigenstructure Methods MUSIC Algorithm Minimum Norm Method CLOSEST Method ESPRIT Method Weighted Subspace Fitting Method Review of Other Methods Preprocessing Techniques Estimating Source Number Performance Comparison Sensitivity Analysis References SINGLE-ANTENNA SYSTEM IN FADING CHANNELS Fading Channels Channel Gain Single-Antenna System Notation and Abbreviations References DIVERSITY COMBINING Selection Combiner Switched Diversity Combiner Equal Gain Combiner Maximum Ratio Combiner Optimal Combiner Generalized Selection Combiner Cascade Diversity Combiner Macroscopic Diversity Combiner Notation and Abbreviations References