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A comprehensive introduction to strain-based structural health monitoring of civil structures, with focus on measurement and data analysis
Introduction to Strain-Based Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Structures focuses on the SHM of civil structures and infrastructure, and develops the relevant topics of measurement and data analysis from a fundamental to advanced level.
The book contains an overview of the available and emerging strain monitoring technologies like traditional strain-gauges and vibrating wire sensors, discrete and distributed fiber optic sensors, and large area electronics. The fundamentals of error analysis, as well as typical sources of errors in measurements, are discussed. Sources of strain in typical construction materials such concrete, steel, timber, and composite materials are also discussed, while both basic and advanced data interpretation and analysis for monitoring of concrete and steel structures are presented in detail.
Methods applicable to a large spectrum of beam-like structural elements and civil structures, such as bridges, buildings, and pipelines, are summarized. These methods are developed at three scales: local scale (material or structural), global (structural) scale, and integrity scale, and are illustrated with practical examples.
Key features:
Introduction to Strain-Based Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Structures is essential, state-of-the-art reading for civil and structural engineers and professionals in SHM, as well as teachers, researchers, and students in civil engineering.
Branko GliSic is Professor and Chair of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Princeton University, USA. His main areas of interest are SHM methods, advanced sensory systems, SHM analysis and data management, smart and adaptable structures, heritage structures, and more broadly, sustainable, resilient, and livable built environment, engineering education, and engineering and the arts. He received degrees in civil engineering and mathematics from the University of Belgrade and his doctorate from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL). Prior to joining Princeton, he was employed at SMARTEC SA, Switzerland, where he was involved in research and engineering in numerous structural health monitoring projects.
Foreword (Jerome P. Lynch) xv
Foreword (Daniele Zonta) xvii
Acknowledgments xix
About the Author xxv
1 Introduction 1
2 SHM System Components and Properties 19
3 Strain Sensors 39
4 Sources of Error, Uncertainty, and Unreliability in Strain Measurements, and Fundamentals of Their Analysis 79
5 SHM at Local Scale: Interpretation of Strain Measurements and Identification of Unusual Structural Behaviors at Sensor Level 131
6 SHM at Global Scale: Interpretation and Analysis of Strain Measurements from Multiple Sensors and Identification of Unusual Structural Behaviors at Structural Level 213
7 SHM at Integrity Scale: Interpretation and Analysis of Sensor Measurements at Location of Damage 275
8 Closing Remarks and Future Perspectives 301
References 303
Appendix A: Structural Health Monitoring Glossary 317
Index 333
I would like to acknowledge and deeply thank numerous selfless individuals - students, colleagues, friends, and family members - as well as various institutions - professional associations, agencies, schools, and companies - whose availability, support, collaboration, professionalism, kindness, and patience, in one way or another, influenced the creation of this book.
First and foremost, I would like to thank my spouse, Tanja, and daughter, Lana, for their endless love, encouragement, understanding, and patience, without which I could never complete this book. I would also like to acknowledge my extended family in Serbia, Croatia, North Macedonia, and Sweden and all my friends for their continuous support, comprehension, kindness, and laughter, which made right ambience for this book to happen.
My career in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) would probably not happen, and thus, probably, neither this book, without generous support, great mentorship, and dear friendship offered by Prof. Jean Claude Badoux, former President of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL); Prof. Leopold Pflug, my PhD adviser in the Laboratory of Stress Analysis (IMAC) at the EPFL; Nicoleta Casanova and Dr. Daniele Inaudi, the founders of SMARTEC, Switzerland, my former employer; and Princeton University, my current employer. The extraordinary intellectual vigor, exceptional collegiality, and highly professional yet relaxed settings at IMAC-EPFL, SMARTEC, and Princeton University, and in particular, at Princeton's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, resulted in a productive ambit for this book to germinate and grow.
I would like to make a very special thanks to the former and current members of my research group, SHMlab at Princeton University, i.e., undergraduate, graduate, and visiting students, as well as visiting scholars, whose work has been related to SHM and who have been essential in performing the research and realizing several applications shown in this book:
Additional special thanks go to Prof. Daniele Zonta, University of Trento, Italy, and Prof. Jerome Lynch, Duke University, USA, for their enormous influence on my academic career and thinking and for being such great role models and dear friends.
Concepts and ideas developed in this book could not be generated without interactions, discussions, and friendship with many dear colleagues whose research, presentations, talks, workshops, and wisdom helped shaping ideas and advancing the field of SHM. Thus, in addition to all the abovementioned individuals, I would like to deeply thank (in no particular order) the following researchers:
. and to anyone else who I may have omitted unintentionally.
Also, I would like to acknowledge professional associations that enabled networking and vibrant exchange of knowledge and experiences:
. and, again, any other association that I may have omitted unintentionally.
I would like to greatly thank entire teams of SMARTEC, Switzerland, and Roctest Ltd., Canada, for their continuous and unselfish support, help, and friendship, which enabled many applications presented in this book. In addition, I would like to thank other SHM companies who helped with material in this book: RST Instruments, Canada; Telemac, France; Advantech Engineering Consortium, Taiwan; Newsteo, France; Micron Optics,...
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