Mass Housing

List of Illustrations

Acknowledgements

INTRODUCTION
Cuius regio, eius religio - the multiple modernities of housing
Mass housing - spearhead of radical modernisation
Methodological challenges and constraints: balancing narrative and geography


PART A: MID 19th-CENTURY TO 1945 - The gathering storm

1. Pre-1914: The Long Mobilisation
Mid 19th-century innovators and experiments
Late 19th- early 20th century ideologies: public housing and arm's length building
The dual market: working-class tenements and middle-class apartments in North America
Housing and colonialism: building for rulers or the ruled?
The upsurge in emergencies: 1905-1914

2. 1914-1945 The maturing of mass housing in the age of emergencies
Systematisation and individualism: the emergence of modern mass housing
World War I: war socialism and rent control
The Hare and the Tortoise: municipal housing in 'Red Vienna' and Britain
Continental permutations in the 1920s
Totalitarian housing visions in the Great Depression
Democratic housing systems of the 1930s
Interwar Latin America and the colonies
World War II - The globalisation of emergency



PART B: 1945-1989 - The 'Three Worlds' of postwar mass housing

3. Postwar mass housing: an introductory overview
First World, Second World, Third World
International modernism: from global to local

4. Housing by Authority - post-war state interventions in the 'Anglosphere'
Red scares, race scares - the brief heyday and long retreat of US public housing
New York City - the monumental exception
Local trajectories of renewal and decline
Canada: government intervention and the revival of renting
'Big Daddy' and mass housing in Metro Toronto
New Zealand and Australia
Commonwealth and state: the CSHA
High flats and slum reclamation in Victoria and New South Wales

5. Council Powers: postwar public housing in Britain and Ireland
Central and municipal
Postwar housing design in England
Slum clearance, planning and the 'land-trap'
Financing and organising high flats in the 'sixties
London and the English cities
Scotland: the legacy of 'Red Clydeside'
Island diversity: Ireland and the Channel Islands

6. France: the Trente Glorieuses of mass housing
1945-55 - A hesitant revival
SCIC, SCET and the état planificateur
'Le hard french': the housing legacy of Perret
1955-75: 'grands ensembles' and the industrialisation of national grandeur

7. The Low Countries - pillars of modern mass housing
Socialist skyscrapers versus Catholic cottages: postwar housing in Belgium
The Netherlands: planned housing and 'polder politics'
Standardisation and galerijbouw: postwar Dutch housing design

8.Stability and Continuity: West Germany and the alpine countries
Tenure-neutral building in Switzerland and Austria
West Germany: the housing of soziale Marktwirtschaft
'Wohnungen, Wohnungen und nochmals Wohnungen' - Neue Heimat and 1950s-70s production

9. The Nordic countries - social versus individual?
Building the 'Folkhem' - housing and Social Democracy in Sweden
Denmark: modernisation through quiet quality
Finland, Norway and Iceland - mass housing for the individual

10. Southern Europe - social housing for kinship societies
The progressive South: postwar housing in Italy and Malta
INA-Casa: the Christian Democratic housing vision
Left Turn? 1960s-70s 'comprehensive' planning in Italy
The conservative South: postwar housing in Spain, Portugal, Greece and Turkey
Conclusion: First World housing in summary

11. The USSR: Developed Socialism and Extensive Urbanism
'Quickly, Cheaply and Well' - Soviet housing under Khrushchev and Brezhnev
The curate's egg - national and local housing production in the postwar Soviet Union
Order out of chaos? central and private-sector initiatives
Monumentality and space in postwar Soviet housing
SNiP and DSK - standardisation and industrialisation
Taming the colossus: towards 'complexity' and 'flexibility'
A brotherly mosaic - regionalist housing in the USSR
Tashkent - model Soviet city
Soviet housing in the perestroika years

12. A quarrelsome family: the European socialist states
The satellite bloc: from dissidence to decomposition
The diversity of socialist standardisation
Socialist outliers: European divergences from the Soviet model
The 'Ongoing Revolution' - self-management and monumentality in Yugoslavia
Novi Beograd - epicentre of decentralism
Late socialist cluster-developments across the Yugoslav republics

13. Socialist Eastern Asia: mass housing and the Sino-Soviet split
Danwei: fragmentation and austerity in Chinese socialist housing
From the Great Leap Forward to the Cultural Revolution: austerity and anarchy
'Soviet' Asia: Mongolia and North Vietnam
Building at 'Pyongyang speed': housing in Juche Korea
Conclusion: Second World housing in summary

14. Latin America - chameleon continent
Mass housing and the politics of charismatic leadership, 1945-1964
Housing as social security: pre-1964 Brazil
1960s Cold-War housing politics in Latin America
Order and Progress? Post-1964 housing in Brazil, Argentina and Chile

15. Echoes of empire - postwar housing in the Middle East, South Asia and Africa
The Middle East: decolonisation and development
Israel: creating a 'new geography' through public housing
India and South Asia: building on colonial bureaucracy
Capital colonies: post-independence Delhi
Bombay/Mumbai and MHADA: pressure-cooker building
Sub-Saharan Africa: colonialism's last stand
'Progressive' housing decolonisation in francophone Africa
Divide and rule? Segregation and mass housing in 'British' Africa
South Africa: segregated housing in a siege society

6. From Third World to First World: mass housing in capitalist Eastern Asia
Towards the developmental state - postwar housing in Japan
Housing the 'Asian Tigers'
'Housing Gangnam-style': South Korea's tanji revolution
Hong Kong and Singapore - a study in sibling rivalry
Shek Kip Mei and Bukit Ho Swee: from resettlement to home-ownership
Race to the Top: HDB and HKHA architecture
First cousin: Macau



PART C: 1989 TO THE PRESENT - Retrenchment and renewal

17. Resilience and renewal: mass housing into the 21st century
Introduction
The aftermath: mass housing at bay in the former First and Second Worlds
Residual mass housing in the Global South

18. Race to the top: the new Asian developmentalism
TOKi and AKP Turkey
Developmental Eastern Asia into the 21st century
Building for the 'Mass Line': social housing in 21st-century China

19. Conclusion: global and national, idealism and realpolitik

Index