AutoCAD 2016 and AutoCAD LT 2016 No Experience Required

Name: AutoCAD 2016 and AutoCAD LT 2016 No Experience Required | Autodesk Official Press
Brand: Sybex
Price: 32.99 EUR
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Autodesk Official Press

Donnie Gladfelter(Autor*in)

Sybex (Verlag)

Erschienen am 14. Oktober 2015

1008 Seiten

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Inhalt

Introduction xix

Chapter 1 Getting to Know AutoCAD for Windows 1

Starting AutoCAD for Windows 2

Exploring the User Interface 2

Using the Start Tab 2

Introducing Workspaces 5

Exploring the Drafting & Annotation Workspace 6

Putting the User Interface to Work 11

Using the Ribbon 12

Using File Tabs to Manage Drawings 16

Working in the Command-Line Interface 17

Understanding the Status Bar 21

Using the Application Menu 23

Using the Keyboard 28

Using the Mouse 29

If You Would Like More Practice 29

Finding Tools in the User Interface 31

Are You Experienced? 32

Chapter 2 Learning Basic Commands to Get Started 33

Using the Line Tool 33

Using Coordinates 38

Using Relative Coordinates 42

Using the Direct Distance Method 44

Drawing the Shape 44

Using Relative Cartesian Coordinates 45

Erasing Lines 46

Using Relative Polar Coordinates 47

Using Direct Input 48

Using the OFFSET Command 49

Using the FILLET Command 52

Completing the Shape 56

Offsetting Lines to Mark an Opening 56

Extending Lines 57

Trimming Lines 59

If You Would Like More Practice 63

Are You Experienced? 64

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Drawing 65

Setting Up the Drawing Units 66

Setting Up the Drawing Size 71

Using the Grid 72

Setting Up Drawing Limits 75

Drawing with Grid and Snap 78

Taking a Closer Look at Dynamic Input 82

Saving Your Work 85

Saving Drawings to Your Hard Drive or Network Drive 85

Saving Drawings to A360 Drive 88

Understanding AutoCAD Units 90

Exploring Options for Linear Units 90

Exploring Options for Angular Units 91

Are You Experienced? 92

Chapter 4 Developing Drawing Strategies: Part 1 93

Laying Out the Walls 94

Creating Polylines from Existing Objects 95

Creating the Exterior Wall Lines 99

Creating the Interior Walls 103

Cutting Openings in the Walls 117

Creating Doors 127

Drawing Swinging Doors 127

Copying Objects 138

Mirroring Objects 140

Scaling the Bathroom Door 143

Drawing a Sliding-Glass Door 145

Drawing the Bifold Doors 157

Reviewing Drawing Strategies Used in This Chapter 162

If You Would Like More Practice 163

An Alternative Sliding-Glass Door 163

An Addition to the Cabin 164

Three Views of a Block 165

Are You Experienced? 167

Chapter 5 Developing Drawing Strategies: Part 2 169

Starting and Running Commands 170

Drawing the Thresholds 172

Drawing the Front Threshold 17 3

Drawing the Back Threshold 178

Drawing the Decks and Stairs 180

Drawing the Front Deck 180

Drawing the Deck Posts 183

Drawing the Stairs 188

Mirroring the Post and Railing 189

Drawing the Back Deck and Stairs 193

Using Point Filters to Finish the Deck 199

Laying Out the Kitchen 202

Drawing the Counter 203

Drawing the Stove and Refrigerator 208

Completing the Stove with Parametrics 210

Drawing the Kitchen Sink 223

Constructing the Bathroom 226

Setting Running Object Snaps 227

Drawing a Shower Unit 228

Drawing the Bathroom Sink and Mirror 230

Positioning the Toilet and Shelves 234

Drawing the Hot Tub 237

If You Would Like More Practice 241

Drawing the Cabin Again 241

Drawing Something Else 241

Drawing Furniture for the Cabin 241

Drawing a Gasket 242

Drawing a Parking Lot 244

Are You Experienced? 246

Chapter 6 Using Layers to Organize Your Drawing 247

Using Layers as an Organizing Tool 248

Setting Up Layers 250

Assigning Linetypes to Layers 262

Assigning Objects to Layers 266

Turning Off and Freezing Layers 282

Drawing the Headers 286

Drawing the Roof 290

Setting a Linetype Scale Factor 296

Drawing the Ridgeline 299

Using the Layer Walk Tool 300

Setting Properties of Layers and Objects 302

Assigning a Color or a Linetype to an Object Instead of a Layer302

Making a Color or a Linetype Current 303

Using the Action Recorder 304

If You Would Like More Practice 307

Creating a Layer State 308

Setting Up Layers for Your Trade or Profession 312

Are You Experienced? 312

Chapter 7 Combining Objects into Blocks 313

Making a Block for a Door 313

Inserting the Door Block 321

Understanding and Using Groups 327

Finding Blocks in a Drawing 330

Using Grips to Detect a Block 330

Using the LIST Command to Detect a Block 331

Using the Properties Palette to Examine a Block 333

Creating a Window Bloc 334

Inserting the Window Block 339

Rotating a Block During Insertion 340

Using Snap Tracking to Set the Insertion Point 343

Changing a Block's Scale Factor by Using Object Properties 346

Finishing the Windows 348

Revising a Block 352

Sharing Information Between Drawings 355

Copying Objects Between Drawings 355

Using the AutoCAD DesignCenter 357

Other Ways to Share Information Between Drawings 363

If You Would Like More Practice 371

Are You Experienced? 373

Chapter 8 Controlling Text in a Drawing 375

Setting Up Text Styles 376

Determining the Text and Drawing Scales 377

Defining a Text Style for View Titles 378

Placing Titles of Views in the Drawing 382

Using Annotative Text 387

Defining an Annotative Text Style 387

Placing Room Labels in the Floor Plan 390

Using Text in a Grid 402

Creating a Border and Title Block 413

Using Multiline Text 430

Finishing the Title Block 430

Using Mtext for General Notes 434

Using the Spell Check Feature 443

Exploring Other Aspects of Multiline Text 446

If You Would Like More Practice 451

Are You Experienced? 452

Chapter 9 Using Dynamic Blocks and Tables 453

Using Attributes for a Grid 454

Defining Blocks with Attributes 459

Inserting Blocks with Attributes 461

Editing Attribute Text 464

Setting Up Multiple Attributes in a Block 465

Defining a Block with Multiple Attributes 470

Calculating Areas 471

Inserting the Room Information Block 475

Editing Attributes 481

Controlling the Visibility of Attributes 485

Exploring Other Uses for Attributes 489

Creating a Dynamic Block 490

Setting Up Parameters and Actions 492

Fine-Tuning the Dynamic Block with the Properties Palette 496

Inserting a Dynamic Block 500

Creating a Table 506

Defining a Table Style 507

Designing a Table 511

Adding Formulas to a Table 515

Creating Tables from Attributes 519

Modifying the Table Display 525

If You Would Like More Practice 528

Are You Experienced? 528

Chapter 10 Generating Elevations 529

Drawing the South Elevation 530

Creating the South Elevation 530

Setting Up Lines for the Heights 533

Using Construction Lines to Project Elevation Points 534

Copying Objects by Using Grips 536

Trimming Lines in the Elevation 539

Assigning Elevation Layers 544

Drawing the Decks in Elevation 546

Generating the Other Elevations 561

Making the Opposite Elevation 562

Revising the New South Elevation 565

Making the Front and Back Elevations 571

Considering Drawing Scale Issues 582

Drawing Interior Elevations 583

If You Would Like More Practice 583

Are You Experienced? 585

Chapter 11 Working with Hatches, Gradients, and Tool Palettes 587

Hatching the South Elevation 588

Looking at Hatch Patterns 592

Hatching the Rest of the South Elevation 594

Using Hatches in the Floor Plan 607

Creating the User-Defined Hatch Pattern 608

Controlling the Origin of the Hatch Pattern 610

Finishing the Hatches for the Floors 612

Modifying the Shape of Hatch Patterns 614

Creating and Managing Tool Palettes 616

Creating a New Tool Palette 616

Setting Up a Palette for Hatches 620

Creating a Palette for Commands 622

If You Would Like More Practice 624

Creating the Hatch Patterns for the Other Elevations 624

Are You Experienced? 626

Chapter 12 Dimensioning a Drawing 627

Introducing Dimension Styles 627

Preparing for Dimensioning 628

Creating a Text Style for Dimensions 630

Making a New Dimension Style 631

Setting Up the Primary Units Tab (Architectural) 636

Setting Up the Primary Units Tab (Metric) 637

Completing the Dimension Style Setup 639

Exploring the Alternate Units and Tolerances Tabs 641

Placing Dimensions on the Drawing 643

Placing Dimensions 644

Using the Dimension Continue Command 646

Using the Dimension Baseline Command 649

Setting Up Vertical Dimensions 650

Finishing the Dimensions 653

Placing Other Types of Dimensions 654

Placing Radial Dimensions 655

Placing a Diameter Dimension 657

Placing an Arc Length 658

Setting Up Parent and Child Dimensioning Styles 659

Using Aligned and Angular Dimensions 661

Using Leader Lines 664

Modifying Dimensions 670

Editing Dimension Text Content 670

Moving Dimensions 673

Adjusting Space Between Stacked Dimensions 676

Using Dimension Overrides 677

Dimensioning Short Distances 679

If You Would Like More Practice 683

Dimensioning the Garage Addition 683

Dimensioning to a Centerline 685

Practicing on Your Own 688

Are You Experienced? 689

Chapter 13 Managing External References 691

Drawing a Site Plan 692

Using Surveyor's Units 693

Drawing the Driveway 697

Setting Up an External Reference 705

Using the External References Palette 705

Organizing the Drawing Objects 711

Moving and Rotating an Xref 713

Modifying an Xref Drawing 714

Modifying an Xref by Making It the Current Drawing 714

Modifying an Xref from Within the Host Drawing 718

Adding an Image to a Drawing 723

Putting Xrefs to Use 727

Exploring Additional Xref Features 729

Setting the Xref Path 729

Changing Path Types 731

Binding Xrefs 732

Exploring on Your Own 735

If You Would Like More Practice 736

Building Architectural References 736

Comparing Reference Types 737

Are You Experienced? 737

Chapter 14 Using Layouts to Set Up a Print 739

Preparing the Title Block 740

Creating the Title Block Drawing 740

Sizing and Cleaning Up the Title Block 743

Defining the Title Block Attributes 745

Setting Up a Sheet Template 750

Finishing the Sheet Template 755

Creating Plan Sheets 758

Creating the Cover Sheet 758

Generating Floor Plan Sheets 760

Composing the Floor Plan Sheets 765

Creating Elevation Sheets 770

Composing the South Elevation 771

Composing the Other Elevations 772

Using Sheet Set Manager 775

Creating a New Sheet Set 775

Adding Drawings to a Sheet Set 779

Defining Sheet Properties 781

If You Would Like More Practice 786

Are You Experienced? 787

Chapter 15 Printing a Drawing 789

Using the Plot Dialog Box 790

Assigning Lineweights to a Drawing 795

Assigning Lineweights to Layers 796

Updating Xref Layer Definitions 802

Plotting from Model Space 804

Configuring the Plot 804

Previewing a Print 807

Plotting a Drawing Using Layouts 809

Publishing a Single Layout 809

Publishing Multiple Layouts 811

Publishing with Sheet Set Manager 814

A Few Words About Plot Styles 817

Introducing Plot Style Table Files 817

Understanding How Plot Style Table Files Are Organized 818

Going Forward 822

If You Would Like More Practice 822

Are You Experienced? 823

Chapter 16 Creating 3D Geometry 825

Modeling in 3D 826

Setting Up the 3D Workspace and Environment 826

Making the Walls 831

Creating the Door and Window Block-Outs 835

Moving and Rotating in 3D 840

Using the First Right-Hand Rule 840

Cutting the Openings 845

Creating the Floor, Foundation, and Thresholds 847

Creating the Foundation and Supports 849

Building the Windows 851

Navigating with the ViewCube 865

Adding the Sliding Door 868

Building the Decks 871

Putting a Roof on the Cabin 889

Getting Further Directions in 3D 902

Using Other Solid Modeling Tools 902

Using Mesh Modeling Tools 906

Using Surface Modeling Tools 907

If You Would Like More Practice 909

Are You Experienced? 910

Chapter 17 Rendering and Materials 911

Creating Cameras to Reproduce Views 912

Using the Loft Tool 912

Creating the Cameras 917

Creating a Lighting Scheme 922

Creating a Light Source 922

Enabling Shadows 926

Creating the First Render 927

Controlling the Background of the Rendering 930

Adding Materials 933

Adjusting the Material Mapping 939

Rendering to a File 943

If You Would Like More Practice 947

Are You Experienced? 947

Index 949

Introduction

This book was born of the need for a simple yet engaging tutorial that would help beginners step into the world of the Autodesk® AutoCAD® or Autodesk® AutoCAD LT® software without feeling intimidated. That tutorial has evolved over the years into a full introduction to the ways in which architects and civil and structural engineers use AutoCAD to increase their efficiency and ability to produce state-of-the-art computerized production drawings and designs.

Because the Microsoft Windows versions of AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT are so similar, it makes sense to cover the basics of both programs in one book. For most of the book, the word AutoCAD stands for the Windows versions of both AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT. Although Apple Macintosh versions of both AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT are available, the interface and underlying tool set on that platform prevent it from aligning with the workflows and procedures outlined in this book.

When you come to a section of a chapter that applies to AutoCAD only, the icon shown here is displayed in the margin to alert you. When appropriate, extra information for AutoCAD LT users is provided to give you a workaround or otherwise keep you in step with the tutorial.

Because AutoCAD LT doesn't have 3D commands or features, the last two chapters, which are an introduction to drawing in 3D, apply only to AutoCAD. But AutoCAD LT users can be assured that it is very much the same program as AutoCAD, with only minor differences. You'll be prompted when those differences arise, most of which involve 3D features.

When you come to a section that applies to one of the many new features of AutoCAD 2016, the icon shown here is displayed in the margin to alert you. This book is directed toward AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT novices-users who know how to use a computer and perform basic file-managing tasks, such as creating new folders and saving and moving files, but who know little or nothing about AutoCAD or AutoCAD LT. If you're new to the construction and design professions, this book will be an excellent companion as you learn AutoCAD. If you're already practicing in those fields, you'll immediately be able to apply the skills you'll pick up from this book to real-world projects. The exercises have been successfully used to train architects, engineers, and contractors, as well as college and high school students, in the basics of AutoCAD.

For those of you in other trades and professions, the project that runs through the book-drawing a small cabin-has been kept simple so that it doesn't require special training in architecture or construction. Also, most chapters have additional information and exercises specifically designed for users other than architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) users. Anyone wanting to learn AutoCAD will find this book helpful.

What Will You Learn from This Book?

Learning AutoCAD, like learning any complex computer program, requires a significant commitment of time and attention and, to some extent, a tolerance for repetition. You must understand new concepts to operate the program and to appreciate its potential as a drafting and design tool. However, to become proficient at AutoCAD, you must also use the commands enough times to gain an intuitive sense of how they work and how parts of a drawing are constructed.

At the end of most chapters, you'll find one or more additional exercises and a checklist of the tools you have learned (or should have learned). The steps in the tutorial have a degree of repetition built into them that allows you to work through new commands several times and build up confidence before you move on to the next chapter.

Progressing through the book, the chapters fall into five general areas of study:

Chapters 1 through 3 familiarize you with the organization of the AutoCAD user interface, cover a few of the basic commands, and equip you with the tools necessary to set up a new drawing, including the use of a standard, such as the National CAD Standard (NCS), to organize your files.
Chapters 4 and 5 introduce the basic drawing commands and develop drawing strategies that will help you use these commands efficiently.
Chapters 6 through 11 work with the major features of AutoCAD, such as blocks, hatches, and annotation. You'll also learn about using layers to organize the various components of a drawing by applying the NCS.
Chapters 12 through 15 examine intermediate and advanced AutoCAD features, including managing and creating document sets by using Sheet Set Manager.
Chapters 16 and 17 cover the 3D modeling tools by exploring 3D solids and 3D surfaces. You'll also learn how to apply materials to 3D objects, allowing you to produce eye-catching 3D visualizations. In the process of exploring these elements, you'll follow the steps involved in laying out the floor plan of a small cabin. You'll then learn how to generate elevations from the floor plan, and eventually you'll learn how to set up a title block and layouts to print your drawing.

Along the way, you'll also learn how to do the following:

Use the basic drawing and modify commands in a strategic manner
Set up layers by using an established standard
Assign colors to your drawing
Define and insert blocks
Generate elevation views
Place hatch patterns and fills on building components
Use text in your drawing

Chapters in the latter part of the book touch on the more advanced features of AutoCAD, including the following:

Creating dynamic drawings by using geometric and dimensional parametric constraints
Dimensioning the floor plan
Drawing a site plan and managing drawings of varying units
Efficiently organizing drawing sets by using external references
Setting up and managing drawings for printing with layouts
Making a print of your drawing
Working in 3D (for AutoCAD users)

All these features are taught by using the cabin as a continuing project. As a result, you'll build a set of drawings that document your progress throughout the project. You can use these drawings later as reference material if you need to refresh your memory with content that covers a specific skill.

Files on the Website

If you're already somewhat familiar with AutoCAD and you're reading only some of the chapters or if you want to check your work on the cabin against the book at different stages, you can pull the accompanying files from this book's page on Wiley's website at www.sybex.com/go/autocad2016ner. Click the Resources & Downloads button on that page.

To help you learn AutoCAD further, a companion website is also available at www.thecadgeek.com that, in addition to the dataset, offers a comprehensive library of instructional videos, additional exercises, and more. Visiting this site will also let you view this book's errata and interact with the author by posing questions you may have about its contents.

Hints for Success

Because this book is essentially a step-by-step tutorial, it has a common side effect with tutorials of this type. After you finish a chapter and see that you have progressed further through the cabin project, you may wonder exactly what you just did and whether you could do it again without the help of the step-by-step instructions.

This feeling is a natural result of this type of learning tool, and you can do a couple of things to get beyond it.

You can work through the chapter again. Doing so may seem tedious, but it will help you draw faster. You'll be able to accomplish the same task in half the time it took you to do it in the first place. If you do a chapter a third time, you'll halve your time again. Each time you repeat a chapter, you can skip more and more of the explicit instructions, and eventually you'll be able to execute the commands and finish the chapter by just looking at the figures and glancing at the steps. In many ways, this process is like learning a musical instrument. You must go slowly at first, but over time and through practice, your pace will pick up.
Follow the course of the book but apply the steps to a different project. You might draw your own living space or design a new one. If you have a real-life design project that isn't too complex, that's even better. Your chances for success in learning AutoCAD, or any computer program, are greatly increased when you're highly motivated-and a real project of an appropriate size can be the perfect motivator.

Ready, Set.

Even with some of the most knowledgeable and passionate teachers by my side, I remember how overwhelming it was to learn AutoCAD as a student in high school. With each command I learned, it seemed that there were another five I had yet to learn, and that was before AutoCAD evolved into the sophisticated, Microsoft Windows-based modeling and design platform that it is today. Ironically, the biggest challenge to knowing AutoCAD wasn't learning the commands but rather learning how to apply them in the most efficient way.

For several years, my personal mantra has been simple: to "empower CAD professionals." While writing this book, I didn't want simply to introduce a bunch of commands without also putting them in context and demonstrating how to apply them to create drawings efficiently. With each exercise building on the previous one, you'll learn not only the individual commands but also how everything snaps together as you produce a complete document setup in the...

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