Preface

Cyber security and digital forensics are an important topic nowadays, which provides many challenging issues in relation to security, identity, intrusion detection, advanced threat detection, privacy preservation etc. 

The goal of this edited book is to outline the cyber security and digital forensic challenges and future trends. The book focuses on how to secure computers from hackers and how to deal with obtaining, storing, evaluating, analysing and presenting electronic evidences. Current threats are getting more complicated and advanced with the rapid evolution of adversarial techniques. Networked computing, and portable electronic devices have broadened the role of digital forensics beyond traditional investigations into computer crime.

The main focus of this book is to provide the reader with a broad coverage of the topics that includes different concepts, models, and terminology along with examples and illustrations to show substantial technical field details. It motivates readers to practice tougher security and defense processes to cope with attackers and mitigate the situation. Practically every crime now requires some aspect of digital evidence; digital forensics provides the techniques and instruments for articulating these evidences. Digital forensics also has a number of uses for information. In addition, it has a crucial role to play in information security, security breach investigations yield useful knowledge which can be used to develop more secure systems.

Increasing overall use of computers as a way to store and retrieve high-security information requires appropriate security measures to safeguard the entire computing and communication scenario. The facets of information security are becoming a primary concern with the introduction of social media and its technology to protect the networks and the cyber environment from various threats.

This book aims at young professionals of technology, privacy, and confidence to use and improve industry reliability in a distributed manner, as well as computer scientists and software developers seeking to conduct research and develop cyber security and digital forensic tools. This book also benefits researchers and students of advanced computer science and information technology levels.

The book focuses on cutting-edge work from both academia and industry, and seeks to solicit original research chapters with specific emphasis on cyber security and digital forensic challenges and future trends. This book also outlines some of the exciting areas of future research in cyber security and digital forensics which will lead to additional innovations in this area of research.

Organization of the Book

The book is organized into 16 chapters. A brief description of each of the chapters follows:

Chapter 1

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has proven its applicability on technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT). The major benefits of SOA architecture are flexibility, better information flow, re-usability and scalability, which make it worthy to use in IoT. This concept, when adopted with generic IoT architecture, creates layers that ask and deliver service to each other. Communication protocols play an important part here, but security always remains a major concern while dealing with a huge number of heterogeneous components of IoT. This chapter provides a survey of enabling protocols, the taxonomy of layer-wise attacks and security issues of the service-oriented IoT architecture. The chapter also describes major vulnerabilities related to the adaption of SOA into IoT. We feel that this chapter can give directions to researchers for enhancing security and privacy in IoT.

Chapter 2

Broadly, Cryptography refers to the passing of secret information from one place to another securely so that only intended receivers can decrypt it. Security of the modern public key cryptographic algorithms and protocols is mainly dependent on the complexity of the factorization of the product of large prime numbers. But due to technological developments in the field of computation and evolution of new mathematical techniques, the problem of the factorization of the product of integers is not complex anymore nowadays. The growing research interests in Quantum computing technology is also making the modern public cryptographic algorithms unsafe. Researchers have proved that modern cryptographic algorithms such as RSA are breakable using quantum computers in polynomial time complexity. Therefore, attempts are being made to design new cryptographic algorithms using Quantum Computing techniques. Quantum cryptography is an emerging field which works on principles of quantum physics. In this paper, an attempt has been made to introduce quantum cryptography, analysis on supremacy of quantum cryptography over modern cryptography, discussion on key distribution using quantum physics, and implementation challenges in quantum key distribution. We have proposed two key verification mechanisms for BB84 protocol, analysis on quantum attacks on modern cryptographic digital signatures, post-quantum digital signatures and finally discussion on future directions of this technology.

Chapter 3

Constant growth in crime rates instigates computational resources for examination at a robust rate. Whatever data being examined with the help of forensic tools needs to be stored in the digital memory. Hence artificial intelligence is the upcoming machine learning technology which is comprehensive for human minds and provides capacity of digital storage media which can be accessed when in need. The purpose of our current research is to have broader understanding about the applicability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) along with computational logic tools analysis. The present artificial neural network helps in detection of criminals through comparison of faces by employing deep learning which offers neural networks. Thus, our paper focus on the computational forensic approaches built with AI applications to detect and predict possible future crimes. Several in-built algorithms control and create a model image in a camera which can be utilized in forensic casework to solve cases robustly.

Chapter 4

The adoption of cloud platforms is gradually increasing due to the several benefits of cloud computing. Despite the numerous benefits of cloud computing, data security and privacy is a major concern, due to lack of trust on cloud service provider (CSP). Data security can be achieved through the cryptographic techniques, but processing on encrypted data requires the sharing of a secret key with the CSP to perform operations on cloud data. This leads to the breach of data privacy. The power of cloud computing is fully utilized if one is able to perform computations on encrypted data outsourced to the cloud. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables to store data in encrypted form and perform computations on it without revealing the secret key to CSP. This chapter highlights existing HE techniques, their implementations in various libraries, and existing work in the field of computations on homomorphic encryption used in various applications like healthcare, financial.

Chapter 5

This chapter is an attempt to theoretically analyze human behavior and the constructions of intelligent artifacts through robotics. It highlights how the process of human development and comprehension of human behavior can be marked as a flagpole in understanding the construction of robotic systems in the repertoire of motor, perceptual, and cognitive capabilities. Technologies such as artificial intelligence and Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) are helping in behavioral mapping. The various functions of talent on-boarding, talent development and the off-boarding process can help in effective management which can be utilized in people through synthetic psychology. This helps in rationally understanding human behavior through robotics. Further this gives an overview of human-robot interaction (HRI) and how they are helpful in mental health care, social skill development and improving the psychosocial outcome through robotics. Synthetic psychology's impact on neuroscience and its medical diagnostics are also discussed in the chapter. Implications, suggestions, and limitations along with the ethical issues are discussed for exploring the potential of this emerging technology.

Chapter 6

The world is increasingly interconnected with the internet, which acts as a nervous system for every organisation. We can easily find interconnected devices in every home in the form of Smart devices, computer networks, and so on. The data generated by mobile devices increases rapidly because of the increase in the huge number of mobile devices, which takes more time in analysing the digital evidence. The objective of this chapter is to contribute to the history of digital forensics, the Evolutionary cycle, various investigation phases of digital forensics and give a detailed explanation about the types involved in digital forensics. This chapter demonstrates a brief study about how digital evidence plays an important role in investigation. In addition to this, we also explained the forensics tools as commercial bases as well as open-source software. During the investigation phase, determining the appropriate forensics tools depends upon the digital devices and Operating System. In some cases, multiple tools can be used to extract the full digital data.

Chapter 7

Any machine exposed to the Internet today is at the risk of being attacked and compromised. The popularity of the internet is not only changing our life view,...