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One SIGNS THAT DO WHAT THEY SAY What's awkward about visible and bodily things ministering to spiritual health? Aren't they the instruments of God, who was made flesh for us and suffered in this world? An instrument's power is not its own, but is imparted by the principal cause that sets it to work. So the sacraments do not act from their natural properties, but because Christ has adopted them to communicate his strength. St. Thomas Aquinas
1 On June 6, 1994, a group of seventy-year-old men jumped from planes flying over Normandy, France, and landed on the beaches, just as they had done as young warriors. The world was commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of D-Day, June 6, 1944, which many observers regard as the most significant day of the twentieth century. On that day 170,000 American troops surprised Hitler's armies in northern France. They launched the campaign that would finally liberate Europe from the Nazi conquest and end its atrocities. The elderly paratroopers were remembering the courage and fear they had felt on that day when they had offered their lives in the bloody event that turned the tide of World War II. These veterans were making an extreme effort to relive the most meaningful time of their lives. But they could only go through the motions and stir their memories. They could not recapture the day. For D-Day, like all past days, was locked in the vaults of history. Memory and imagination give us our only access to the past. The only way a historical event can be present to us is as an idea, a representation in our minds that comes from such things as books, videos, monuments, and eyewitness accounts. And in 1994, like the paratroopers, we did our best to remember June 6, 1944. Films, documentaries, articles, speeches, interviews with veterans, news reports from Normandy's cemeteries, and the like made the historic event "come alive" for us. But we could not really be present at D-Day, and D-Day could not really be present to us, because time had swallowed it up and placed it beyond our reach. Nothing could bring it back or take us there. Time machines exist only in stories such as
Back to the Future.
God's Special Arrangements One historic event-the most important of all-stands as an exception to this limitation. On three extraordinary days nearly two thousand years ago, Jesus Christ completed the work that divided human history into bc and ad. On a pivotal Friday, at the moment of his succumbing to death on the cross, he defeated God's enemies. On the following Sunday he left his tomb empty, having won for us the cosmic war against Satan, sin, and death. God wanted to make Christ's death and resurrection a present reality for human beings in all ages. But he could not do it within the limits of time and space that he had estab-lished in the order of things. Like all events, the saving work of Christ would have remained locked in the past if God had not done something extraordinary. A sacrament is not only a commemorative sign of something which is now past-the passion of Christ; it is also a demonstrative sign of something now present and caused in us by the passion of Christ- grace; further it is...a prophetic sign of something as yet in the future-glory. St. Thomas Aquinas
2 In order to give human beings direct access to the graces Christ won for us, God had to create a new reality. He made special arrangements that bring us to the death and resurrection of Jesus and that bring the death and resurrection of Jesus to us. In some mysterious way God made it possible for us to stand at the foot of the cross, as close to Christ as his mother, the beloved disciple, and the faithful women disciples. And he arranged for us to encounter him with Mary Magdalene in the garden, near the empty tomb. We call these special arrange-ments
sacraments. The sacraments do not repeat the historical event. Christ died, rose, and ascended into heaven once for all. But in some mysterious way, they bring us into the presence of the cross and the Risen Christ, so that all the power, benefits, and graces of history's greatest event can flow to us now. CHRIST'S ABIDING PRESENCE IN THE SACRAMENTS In the liturgy of the Church, it is principally his own Paschal mystery that Christ signifies and makes present. During his earthly life Jesus announced his Paschal mystery by his teaching and anticipated it by his actions. When his Hour comes, he lives out the unique event of history which does not pass away: Jesus dies, is buried, rises from the dead, and is seated at the right hand of the Father "once for all" [Rom 6:10; Heb 7:27; 9:12; Catechism of the Catholic Church, #1085
Signs That Touch Our Spirits When God established the sacraments, on one level he circum-vented the laws of nature in order to re-present the saving work of Christ. However, on another level he designed them to conform to our human nature so that they could communi-cate with us. He wanted the sacraments to touch our spirits. But because the only way to get to our spirits is through our bodies, he built the sacraments around physical symbols-things we could feel, see, taste, smell, and hear: water, oil, bread, wine, words, and laying on of hands. These things affect our bodies and have the capacity to speak to us of something deeper. Human beings depend on signs and symbols that reveal invisible realities. And God chose to use this principle when he created the sacraments. Here is an example of how it works. Two people meet on a sidewalk and shake hands. The handshake signifies their friendship, an external sign of an inner reality. The gesture declares that an invisible bond relates the two as friends. But the handshake does not only reveal their friendship; it also helps to create it. Each time they shake hands, their mutual touch affirms and strengthens the bond that unites them. The sacraments are efficacious signs of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed to us.
Catechism of the Catholic Church, #1131 God made the sacraments work in the same way. They are external signs and symbols that reveal and create inner realities. They accomplish in our spirits what they signify to our senses:
Water cleanses, sustains, and refreshes us. By God's power the water of baptism cleanses us of all sin and generates new life in our spirits.
Bread nourishes us, and wine gladdens us. In the Eucharist the Lord transforms them into the Body and Blood of Christ, which nourish and gladden our spirits.
Oil strengthens us. In confirmation God uses it to strengthen our inner being, and in the anointing of the sick, to heal our souls and our bodies.
Laying on of hands is a gesture of commissioning. By the power of the Holy Spirit, in confirmation and holy orders, it equips us for serving the Church and the world Words communicate between one person and another. In reconciliation, words of absolution communicate God's forgiveness to us. And in matrimony, a man and a woman vow fidelity in words that the Holy Spirit validates by making them one. How good Christ was to leave the sacraments to his Church! They are a remedy for all our needs.... Don't you see that for us poor humans, even what is greatest and most noble enters through the senses? St. Josemaría Escrivá
3 None of these signs and symbols possesses any sacramental power on their own. Water, wine, bread, and oil do not magically produce spiritual effects in us. They affect us in the sacraments only because God uses them to bring us new life and to transmit to us the power, benefits, and graces of Christ's death and resurrection. We meet Jesus in the sacraments, and he causes things to happen in us through the signs.
Experiencing the Sacraments We may be tempted to doubt that the sacraments have any effects because we didn't experience anything when we received them. For example, when I was confirmed at age twelve, I was told that the Holy Spirit would make me a soldier of Christ. The day after the big event, I noticed that I did not feel any different, certainly not much like a soldier of Christ. So I decided that there must have been an asterisk on the sacrament that said, "Except Bert Ghezzi." Only much later did I realize my mistake, when I came to understand that the Lord changes us through the sacraments whether we feel it or not. He gives us a new life in baptism, ennobling us with a share in his own divine life. In the other sacraments he enlarges and sustains that life in us. God gives us the gift of this Christ life as an objective reality. We get it whether we experience it or not. For example, babies who are baptized receive a share in divine life without recognizing or feeling it. Just because the sacraments work in us objectively does not mean that participating in them must be dry and dull. For instance, many adults I have helped prepare for baptism at our parish's Easter Vigil glow with excitement after their immersion. They have told me how God touched them personally through the sacrament. However, the sacraments have another set of effects...
