Subsurface Hydrology

Name: Subsurface Hydrology
Brand: Wiley
Price: 131.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

George F. Pinder Michael A. Celia(Autor*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

Erschienen am 11. Oktober 2006

400 Seiten

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978-0-470-04419-3 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
SUBSURFACE HYDROLOGY
CONTENTS
PREFACE
1 WATER AND THE SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENT
1.1 Groundwater Hydrology
1.2 Groundwater and the Hydrologic Cycle
1.3 Groundwater as a Resource
1.4 Groundwater and the Subsurface
1.5 The Near-Surface Environment
1.5.1 Soil
1.6 Porosity
1.6.1 Primary Porosity
1.6.2 Secondary Porosity
1.7 Soil Water
1.8 Groundwater Contamination
1.8.1 Naturally Occurring Groundwater Contaminants
1.8.2 Anthropogenic Contaminants
1.8.3 Superfund
1.9 Quantitative Analysis of Groundwater Problems
1.9.1 Governing Equations
1.9.2 Field Data
1.9.3 Behavior of Groundwater Systems
1.10 Summary
1.11 Problems
Bibliography
2 FLUID FLOW AND MASS TRANSPORT
2.1 Fluid Pressure
2.2 Hydraulic Head
2.3 Fluid Potential
2.4 Concept of Saturation
2.5 The Darcy Experiment
2.5.1 Extended Forms of Darcy's Law
2.5.2 Example of a Groundwater Flow Velocity Calculation in Two Dimensions
2.5.3 Additional Concepts of Fluid Potential
2.6 Fluid Flow and Mass and Energy Fluxes
2.6.1 Convection, Diffusion, and Dispersion
2.6.2 The Phenomena of Adsorption and Retardation
2.7 Summary
2.8 Problems
Bibliography
3 THE GEOLOGIC SETTING
3.1 Unconsolidated Deposits
3.1.1 Clastic Sedimentary Environment
3.1.2 Precipitate Sedimentary Environment
3.1.3 Glacial Environments
3.2 Consolidated Rocks
3.3 Metamorphic Rocks
3.4 Igneous Rocks
3.5 Geologic Time
3.5.1 The Hadean Era
3.5.2 The Archaean Era
3.5.3 Proterozoic Era
3.5.4 Paleozoic Era
3.5.5 Mesozoic Era
3.5.6 Cenozoic Era
3.6 Field Investigation
3.6.1 Near-Surface Investigation
3.6.2 Deep Subsurface Investigation
3.7 The Hydrogeological Record
3.7.1 The Cross Section
3.7.2 The Contour Map
3.8 The Measurement of State Variables
3.8.1 Water-Level Measurements
3.8.2 Solute Concentration Measurements
3.9 Summary
3.10 Problems
Bibliography
4 WATER MOVEMENT IN GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS
4.1 Conservation of Fluid Mass
4.2 Conservation of Fluid Mass in a Porous Medium
4.3 Groundwater Flow Equations
4.3.1 The Governing Equation
4.3.2 Parameter Estimates
4.3.3 Boundary Conditions
4.3.4 Initial Conditions
4.3.5 Sources and Sinks
4.4 The Free-Surface Condition
4.5 Reduction in Dimensionality
4.5.1 Physical Dimensions of the Model
4.5.2 Vertical Integration of the Flow Equation
4.5.3 The Free-Surface Condition in the Areal Model
4.6 Salt-Water Intrusion
4.7 One-Dimensional Formulation
4.8 Cylindrical Coordinates
4.9 Summary
4.10 Problems
Bibliography
5 ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR FLOW PROBLEMS
5.1 One-dimensional Flow Problems
5.1.1 Darcy Column Experiments
5.1.2 One-Dimensional Regional Flow
5.1.3 Flow in Radial Coordinates
5.2 Two-dimensional Flow Problems
5.2.1 Graphical Solutions
5.2.2 Analytical Solutions in Two Dimensions
5.3 Summary
5.4 Problems
Bibliography
6 WELL HYDRAULICS
6.1 The Slug Test
6.1.1 Hvorslev Method
6.1.2 Cooper-Bredehoeft-Papadopulos Approach
6.2 Pumping Tests
6.2.1 Thiem Method
6.2.2 Theis Method
6.2.3 Cooper-Jacob Method
6.2.4 Papadopulos-Cooper Method
6.2.5 Hantush Leaky Aquitard Method
6.2.6 Neuman Method for Unconfined Aquifers
6.2.7 Theis Recovery Method
6.2.8 Image Well Theory
6.3 Summary
6.4 Problems
Bibliography
7 NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF THE GROUNDWATER FLOW EQUATION
7.1 Introduction to Numerical Method
7.2 Polynomial Approximation Theory
7.3 Finite-Difference Methods
7.3.1 Finite-Difference Representation of the Groundwater Flow Equation
7.3.2 Finite-Difference Method in Two Space Dimensions
7.4 Finite-Element Methods
7.4.1 Galerkin's Method
7.4.2 Two-Dimensional Finite-Element Formulation
7.5 Finite-Volume Formulation
7.5.1 Two-Dimensional Finite-Volume Formulation
7.6 Finite-Element Method and the Transient Flow Equation
7.7 Simulation Under Parameter Uncertainty
7.7.1 Introduction to Probability
7.7.2 Random Fields
7.7.3 The Semivariogram
7.7.4 Kriging
7.7.5 Solving Problems Involving Random Hydraulic Conductivity Fields
7.8 Summary
7.9 Problems
Bibliography
8 CONTAMINATION OF SUBSURFACE WATER
8.1 Types of Contaminants
8.2 Mass Conservation
8.3 Mass Conservation in a Porous Medium
8.3.1 The Dispersion Relationship
8.3.2 One-Dimensional Transport
8.4 Retardation
8.5 Chemical Reactions
8.6 Numerical Solution to the Groundwater Transport Equations
8.7 Summary
8.8 Problems
Bibliography
9 GROUNDWATER-SURFACE-WATER INTERACTION
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fluid Dynamics Near the Stream
9.2.1 Bank Storage Effects
9.2.2 Influence of Pumping Wells
9.2.3 Hydrograph Separation
9.3 Chemical Interaction
9.4 Summary
9.5 Problems
Bibliography
10 REMEDIATION
10.1 Pump-and-Treat
10.1.1 Inward-Gradient Approach
10.1.2 Risk-Based Approach
10.2 Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE)
10.3 Air Sparing
10.4 Some Basic Chemistry
10.4.1 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
10.4.2 Organic Chemistry
10.5 Permeable Reactive Barriers
10.6 Bioremediation
10.6.1 The Process
10.6.2 Bioremediation as a Remediation Concept
10.7 Optimal Design of Remediation and Management Strategies
10.7.1 Gradient-Constrained Pump-and-Treat Designs
10.7.2 Risk-Constrained Pump-and-Treat Designs
10.8 Summary
10.9 Problems
Bibliography
11 MULTIFLUID FLOW AND TRANSPORT
11.1 Problems involving Multiple Fluids
11.1.1 Unsaturated Soils
11.1.2 Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids
11.1.3 Fluid Components and Groundwater Contamination
11.2 Governing Equations
11.2.1 Mass Balance Equations
11.2.2 Darcy's Law for Multifluid Flow
11.2.3 Capillary Pressure and Governing Equations
11.2.4 Functional Forms for Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure
11.2.5 Equation for Solid Phase
11.2.6 Equations for Components Within a Fluid
11.2.7 Equations for Components Within the Solid
11.2.8 Reactions, Mass Transfer, and Source/Sink Terms
11.3 The Unsaturated Zone and Richards' Equation
11.3.1 Properties of Air and Water and Richards' Assumption
11.3.2 Richards' Equation for Water Flow
11.3.3 Water and Air Dynamics in the Unsaturated Zone
11.3.4 Plant Roots and Evapotranspiration
11.4 Solution Methods: Multifluid Flow Equations
11.4.1 Simplified Solutions for Unsaturated Flow
11.4.2 Numerical Solution of Richards' Equation
11.4.3 Analytical Solutions for Two-Fluid Flow: The Buckley-Leverett Solution
11.4.4 Numerical Solutions for Two-Fluid Systems
11.5 Summary
11.6 Problems
Bibliography
INDEX

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