In-Situ Microscopy in Materials Research

1. In-Situ Applications of Low Energy Electron Microscopy (Leem).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Phase Transitions on Clean Surfaces.- 3. Segregation.- 4. Gas-Surface Interactions.- 5. Epitaxy.- 6. Summary.- Acknowledgements and References.- 2. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Gas Dynamics.- 3. Electron Beam Transfer.- 4. Contrast and Resolution.- 5. Detection.- 6. Cathodoluminescence.- 7. X-rays.- 8. Beam Irradiation Effects.- 9. Operation and Applications.- 10. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements and References.- 3. ESEM Development and Application In Cultural Heritage Conservation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Applications.- 3. ESEM and SEM: Operational Differences.- 4. ESEM/EDS Development (1990-1997).- 5. Future Work.- Acknowledgements and References.- 4. Intrinsic Point Defect Clustering In Si: A Study by HVEM and HREM In-Situ Electron Irradiation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Details.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 4. Conclusion.- Acknowledgements and References.- 5. In-Situ Observation and Quantitative Analysis of Electromigration Void Dynamics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sample Fabrication and In-Situ Test Technique.- 3. Single Void Behavior.- 4. Void-Void Interactions.- 5. Void-Hillock Interactions.- 6. Summary and Conclusions.- Acknowledgements and References.- 6. Environmental High Resolution Electron Microscopy (EHREM) In Materials Science.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental: In-Situ Controlled Environmental High Resolution Transmission EM (EHREM) Development for Gas-Solid Reactions on the Atomic Scale.- 3. Applications.- 4. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements and References.- 7. In-Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy of Thin Film Growth.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Role of TEM in Studies of Thin Film Growth.- 3. Instrumental Approaches.- 4. SomeResults.- 5. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements and References.- 8. HREM In-Situ Experiment at Very High Temperatures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Specimen-Heating Holders.- 3. Electron Microscope.- 4. HREM Observation of Si Particle just below the Melting Point.- 5. Formation of SiC through Solid State Chemical Reactions.- between Si and Graphite.- 6. Sintering of SiC Crystals.- 7. Surface Reconstruction of Au-deposited Si.- 9. In-Situ REM and TEM Studies of Homo and Hetero-Epitaxy on Si Surfaces.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 10. Atomic-Scale Fabrication of Metal Surfaces by Adsorption and Chemical Reaction.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Fabrication of Metal Surfaces by Physical Processes.- 3. Fabrication of Metal Surfaces by Chemical Reaction.- 4. Nano-meter Scale Patterning by Chemical Reactions.- References.- 11. High Temperature Dynamic Behavior of Silicon Surfaces Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM).- 1. Introduction.- 2. High Temperature UHV-STM System.- 3. Hydrogen Desorption Process on Si (111) Surface.- 4. (7×7) - (1×1) Phase Transition on Si (111) Surface.- 5. Step Shifting under dc Electric Fields.- 6. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements and References.- 12. Dynamic Observation of Vortices in Superconductors Using Electron Waves.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Method.- 3. Observation of Superconducting Vortices.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- 13. TEM Studies of Some Structurally Flexible Solids and Their Associated Phase Transformations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Tetrahedrally Corner-Connected Framework Structures.- 3. Tetragonal ?-PbO.- 4. Compositionally Flexible Anion-Deficient Fluorites.- and the "Defect Fluorite" to C-type Sesquioxide Transition.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- Acknowledgementsand References.- Author Index.