List of Symbols
specific interfacial area, m-1 activity of species i, unitless A area, m2 Ac cell or electrode area, m2 Ar Archimedes number, unitless b Tafel slope, V per decade B Debye constant for solvent, (kg/mol)½ m-1 c total concentration or salt concentration, mol m-3 c speed of light, 2.99792?×?108?m s-1 ci concentration of species i, mol m-3 C capacitance, F Cd differential capacitance, F CDL double layer capacitance per unit area, F m-2 Cp battery capacity offset, unitless distance, m hydraulic diameter, m molecular diffusivity of species i, m2·s-1 E energy for battery or double layer capacitor, J or W·h E elastic modulus, Pa Ea activation energy, J/mol Eg energy gap, eV f frequency, Hz fi fugacity of species i, Pa F Faraday's constant, 96485?C per equivalent Fx component of force, N acceleration of gravity, m s-2 G Gibbs energy, J mol-1 G conductance, O-1 Gr Grashof number, unitless h thickness, gap in electrolysis cells, m h Planck's constant, J-s H Enthalpy, J mol-1 i, i current density, A m-2 current, A exchange current density, A·m-2 photon flux, s-1·m-2 Ji molar flux of species i, mol m-2 s-1 ka, kc anodic and cathodic reaction rate constants kc mass transfer coefficient, m s-1 k thermal conductivity, W·m-1·K-1 K equilibrium constant, unitless L characteristic length, m Lp diffusion length, m m mass, kg m molality, mol kg-1 mass flow, kg s-1 Mi molecular weight, g·mol-1 or kg·mol-1 n number of electrons transferred n number density of electrons, m-3 ni number of moles of species i, mol ni number density of electrons in intrinsic semiconductor, m-3 NAV Avogadro's number NA number density of acceptor atoms, m-3 ND number density of donor atoms, m-3 Ni molar flux of species i relative to stationary coordinates, mol m-2 s-1 p pressure, Pa p number density of holes, m-3 P power, W P perimeter, m q fundamental charge, 1.602?×?10-19?C q charge per unit surface area, C·m-2 rate of heat generation, W Q charge, C or A·h r radius, m R universal gas constant, 8.314?J mol-1K-1 RO ohmic resistance, O or O-m2 Re Reynolds number, unitless homogeneous reaction rate, mol m-3s-1 stoichiometric coefficient, unitless S electrical conductance, S S entropy, J mol-1K-1 Sh Sherwood number, unitless Sc Schmidt number, unitless t time, s transference number of species i, unitless T Temperature, K, or °C U equilibrium potential, V ui mobility of ion, m2 mol J-1s-1 v velocity, m s-1 V electric potential or voltage, V vs superficial velocity, m s-1 volumetric flowrate m3 s-1 volume, m3 W work, J W width of depletion layer, m w molar flowrate, mol s-1 Wa Wagner number, unitless xi mole fraction of species i in condensed phase, unitless yi mole fraction of species i in gas phase, unitless zi charge number Greek Symbols
a Debye constant for solvent, (kg/mol)½ a relative permeability, unitless a absorption coefficient, m-1 aa, ac transfer coefficient for anodic and cathodic reactions, unitless ß symmetry factor, unitless activity coefficient, unitless ? porosity, unitless ?o permittivity of free space, 8.854?×?10-12?C V-1 m-1 ? permittivity, C V-1m-1or F m-1 ?r relative permittivity, unitless strain, unitless ?c current efficiency ?coul coulombic efficiency, unitless ?f faradaic efficiency, unitless surface overpotential, V ? electrical conductivity, S m-1 Debye length, or wavelength, m absolute activity equivalent conductance, S m-2equivilent-1 conductance, S m-1 viscosity, Pa-s ...