Biochemical Aspects of Plant-Parasite Relationships

ContributorsPrefaceChapter 1 Some Observations on Leaf Surfaces During the Early Stages of Infection by Fungi I. Introduction II. The Pre-Penetration Stages of Infection of Leaves III. The Arrival of Spores on Leaves IV. Adhesion of Spores on Leaves V. External Growth Prior to Penetration VI. Rain-Water Washing Leaf Surfaces VII. Pollen on Leaves and Infection ReferencesChapter 2 Some Interactions in Soil Between Plants, Sclerotium-Forming Fungi and Other Microorganisms I. Introduction II. The Nature of Fungal Sclerotia III. Host-Stimulated Germination of Sclerotia IV. The Effect of Fungal Sclerotia on the Soil Microflora Acknowledgements ReferencesChapter 3 Development and Use of Some Genetically Controlled Lines for Studies of Host-Parasite Interactions I. Introduction II. Host Lines A. Nearly-Isogenic Lines B. Chromosome Substitution Lines C. Genetically Diverse Host Lines III. Pathogen Lines IV. Conclusions Acknowledgements ReferencesChapter 4 Structural Aspects of Infection by Biotrophic Fungi I. Introduction II. The Infection of Lettuce by Bremia Lactucae A. Pre-Penetration B. Penetration C. Intracellular Infection Structures III. Discussion A. Alteration of the Metabolism of the Host B. Molecular Exchange C. Incompatibility ReferencesChapter 5 Plant Cell Wall Hydrolysis by Pathogens I. Introduction II. The Plant Cell Wall: A Current Concept III. Enzymes that Cleave Cell Wall Polysaccharides A. Pectic Enzymes B. Hemicellulases and Cellulases IV. Regulation of Production of Polysaccharidases by Pathogens V. Enzymatic Degradation of Cell Walls A. Decomposition of Isolated Walls B. Decomposition of Host Cell Walls in Infected Tissues VI. Enzymatic Basis of Tissue Maceration and its Consequences VII. Conclusions ReferencesChapter 6 Killing of Protoplasts I. Introduction II. Relation Between Cell Separation and Protoplast Death III. Action of Pectic Enzymes on Parenchyma IV. Effect of Other Enzymes on Parenchyma V. Effects of Plasmolysis VI. Effects of Enzymes Other than Pectic Enzymes VII. Killing of Protoplasts other than by Pectic Enzymes VIII. Other Causes of Death of Protoplasts IX. Consequences of Protoplast Death ReferencesChapter 7 Hormonal Involvement in Metabolism of Host-Parasite Interactions I. Introduction II. Hormones and Pathogenesis III. Hormonal Changes in Diseases Caused by Biotrophic Organisms A. Respiration and Host Growth ¿. IAA Decarboxylation and Disease Resistance C. Peroxidase Changes D. Properties of Isozyme 9 E. Cytokinins and Translocation F. Other Hormones IV. Present Outlook Acknowledgements ReferencesChapter 8 Toxins of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi I. Introduction II. Helminthosporoside III. Some Other Host-Specific Toxins A. H. Victoriae and P. Circinata Toxins B. A. Kikuchiana Toxin C. H. Carbonum Toxin D. H. Maydis Toxins E. P. Maydis Toxin F. Alternariolide IV. Stemphylin V. Toxic Glycopeptides and Polysaccharides VI. Fusicoccin VII. Some Amino Acid Derived Bacterial Toxins A. Tabtoxins B. Phaseotoxins C. Rhizobitoxine D. Syringomycin VIII. Non Host-Specific Alternaria Toxins IX. Concluding Comments Acknowledgements ReferencesChapter 9 Structural Features of Resistance to Plant Diseases I. Introduction II. Inoculum Deposition III. Entry of the Pathogen A. Direct Entry B. Entry through Natural Openings IV. Colonization and Sporulation V.