Fuels represent an important aspect of world economy. The study of the chemical properties and compositions of fuels is necessary to provide a better understanding of their reactions, and, possibly, to promote their improved commercial utilization. Spectrometry comprises a valuable group of tools and techniques for the study of fuels and their derivatives. Some of the undesirable by-products from fuels-specifically, pollutants-provide the spectroscopist with an additional vast area for the application of his tools. The fight against pollution of all kinds has spawned one of our most rapidly growing industries. It thus seems pertinent to devote a book to the spectrometric investiga tion of fuels and related materials. This book is intended to be of interest to people concerned with fuels, with related chemicals, with applications of the newest spectral methods, or with organic and physical chemistry. The pur pose of the book is threefold: (l) To give details of 23 new researches using modern spectral methods on fuels and related materials, (2) to give the reader some feeling for these modern techniques and their applications, and (3) to provide him with indications of material for further reading. The book is not intended to cover details of specific analyses of fuels or of fuel deriva tives such as gasoline, lubricating oil, coal gas, etc. ; considerable space in other books and in journals has been devoted to these subjects.
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Illustrationen
22
22 s/w Abbildungen
XVI, 344 p. 22 illus.
Dateigröße
ISBN-13
978-1-4684-8121-1 (9781468481211)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4684-8121-1
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1 High-Resolution Mass-Spectrometric Investigation of Coal Derivatives.- Experimental Procedure.- Results and Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.- 2 Field-Ionization Mass Spectra-Structure Correlation for Paraffins.- Discussion of Tables and Figures.- Experimental.- References.- 3 The Analysis of Coal with the Laser Mass Spectrometer.- Coals Used.- Laser Heating.- Obtaining the Spectra.- The Spectra.- Conclusions.- References.- 4 Spectra of Coals and Coal Extracts: Ultraviolet-Visible Spectra of Carbon Disulfide Extracts.- Experimental.- Results.- Discussion.- References.- 5 Spectrometry of Chars-Structure Studies.- Spectrometric Methods.- Similar Hydrogenation Reactions of Sucrose and Coal.- Coal-like Chars.- Conclusions.- References.- 6 Spectra of Coals and Coal Extracts: Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Pyridine and Carbon Disulfide Extracts.- Experimental.- Results and Discussion.- References.- 7 13C NMR Chemical Shifts in Selected Hydroaromatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- Experimental.- Spectral Results.- Substituent Effects on Carbon Shieldings.- Spectra-Structure Correlation.- References.- 8 The Potential of 13C NMR in Coal Research.- Experimental.- Results and Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.- 9 Spin-Echo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Fast Chemical Reactions.- References.- 10 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Hydrogen Bonding.- Benzenethiol Complexes.- Amine Complexes.- Water Complexes.- Chloroform Complexes.- Purine and Pyrimidine Complexes.- Self-Association Interactions.- Ternary Complex Involving Metal Binding and Hydrogen Bonding.- ?-Diketone Complexes.- References.- 11 Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy and Its Application to Chemistry.- Theory of NQR.- Instrumentation.- Application of NQR Spectroscopy to Chemistry.-Summary.- References.- 12 Mössbauer Spectroscopy: Principle and Practice.- Theory.- Experimental.- References.- 13 Double-Resonance-Modulated Microwave Spectroscopy.- Qualitative Theoretical Considerations.- Experimental.- Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.- 14 Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Petroleum Asphaltics.- Nature of Free Radical.- Vanadium Unpaired Spin.- Nitrogen Superhyperfine Splittings (shf).- Models for Nonporphyrin Vanadium.- References.- 15 Some Spectral Observations on Coking Lignites.- Results.- Discussion.- References.- 16 Infrared Interferometry-Emission Spectra in the Middle-Infrared Region.- Experimental.- Data Reduction.- Results and Discussion.- Summary.- References.- 17 Aromatic-Ring-Proton Determination by Infrared-Intensity Measurement in the 1650-2000-Wavenumber Region.- Experimental.- Results.- Discussion.- References.- 18 Characterization of Carbonate Minerals in Oil Shales and Coals by Infrared Spectroscopy.- Theoretical Aspects of Carbonate Spectra.- Experimental.- Results and Discussion.- References.- 19 The Use of Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Surface Groups and Adsorbed Species on Catalysts.- Surface Groups on Silica-Alumina.- Surface Acid Sites.- Effect of Water on Surface Acidity.- Surface Acidity Model.- Summary.- References.- 20 Self-Association of Phenol in Nonpolar Solvents.- Theoretical.- Experimental.- Results.- Discussion.- References.- 21 Infrared Pseudo Matrix Isolation: A Catalog of Spectra for Chemical Analysis.- Data Handling.- Structure of the Data File.- Applications of the Data File.- Summary.- References.- Appendix-Catalog of Spectra.- 22 ATR-Pyrolysis Spectra of Coal.- Experimental.- Results.- 23 Application of Luminescence Spectrometry to the Analysis of Fuels.- Experimental.- Discussion of Results.-Summary.- References.
