Water Analysis

1 Introduction, Sampling, Local Testing, etc..- 1.1 General.- 1.2 Local inspection and sampling of water.- 1.3 Techniques of water sampling.- 1.4 Water sampling in practice.- 1.5 Special instructions for sampling water of various origins and for various investigation purposes.- 1.6 Local investigations (see also 1.7).- 1.7 Local analyses (see also 1.6).- 2 Theoretical Introduction to Selected Methods of Water Analysis (Classic and Instrumental Methods).- 2.1 Concentration processes such as evaporation, distillation, precipitation, coprecipitation, adsorption, ion exchange and extraction.- 2.2 Electrochemical processes of analysis.- 2.3 Spectrophotometry (or photometry).- 2.4 Flame-emission spectrophotometry (FES).- 2.5 Emission spectrum analysis.- 2.6 X-ray Fluorescence Analysis.- 2.7 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS).- 2.8 Atomic Emission Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma Excitation (ICP-AES).- 2.9 Fluorescence Spectrometry.- 2.10 Infrared Spectroscopy.- 2.11 Chromatographic methods.- 2.12 Introduction to gas chromatography.- 2.13 Gas-chromatographic headspace analysis (cf. also Chapter 4).- 2.14 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).- 2.15 Ion chromatography.- 2.16 Radiochemical analysis of water samples (Introduction).- 2.17 Enzymatic Analysis.- 3 Inorganic Parameters.- 3.1 Total parameters.- 3.2 Anions.- 3.3 Cations.- 3.4 Trace substances (inorganic) (For ICP-AES determination of 24 elements see Section 3.3.12).- 3.5 Undissociated substances (for H2S see also Sections 3.1 and 3.6).- 3.6 Gaseous Substances.- 3.7 Radioactivity measurements in water (see also Chapter 2).- 4 Organic Parameters.- 4.1 Overall organic parameters.- 4.2 Organic compounds.- 5 Biological Analysis.- 5.1 Significance of biological and ecological investigations when evaluating the quality of flowing water.- 5.2 Microbiological water analysis.- 5.3 Biological toxicity tests.- 6 Evaluation of Analysis Data.- 6.1 Introduction to statistical evaluation.- 6.2 Applications of statistical methods in water analysis.- 6.3 Quality control.- 6.4 Data evaluation.- 6.5 Time-series analyses.- 6.6 Technical advice.- 6.7 Assessment of water analysis findings.- 7 Subject Index.