Ion-selective electrodes continue to be one of the more excIting developments in electro analytical chemistry in the last 10 years. This is evidenced in the large and continually growing literature in the field. It is important and necessary in such a rapidly growing area to be able to "take stock," i. e. , to present a well-rounded, up-to-date review of important developments. In this volume, reviews by many of the leading practitioners and pioneers in this field contribute to what we consider to be a generous coverage of both fundamental aspects of ion-selective electrodes and their applications to analytical chemistry. Although this volume is not intended to be exhaustive, we have attempted to produce a "stand alone" text dealing with all major current developments. Indeed, since some of the theoretical approaches are not yet universally agreed on, each of the first five chapters deals with theory and principles of the nature and behavior of ion-selective electrodes from the vantage point of the authors' own experience and understanding. In view of the rapid expansion of this field, plans for future volumes are now being formulated. Henry Freiser Tucson, Arizona vii Contents Chapter 1 Theory and Principles of Membrane Electrodes R. P. Buck 1. Potential Generating Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 1. Interfaces, Fixed Charges, Charged Sites, and Charge Carriers 1 1. 2. Ion Exchange as a Potential-Generating Process 5 1. 3. Diffusion and Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. 4. Electrochemical Potentials, Fluxes, and Mobility . . 10 1. 5.
Auflage
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Illustrationen
37 s/w Abbildungen
454 p. 37 illus.
ISBN-13
978-1-4684-2592-5 (9781468425925)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4684-2592-5
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1 Theory and Principles of Membrane Electrodes.- 1. Potential Generating Processes.- 2. Potential-Generating Chemical Systems.- 3. Electrode Materials, Membrane and Ion-Selective Electrode Classification.- 4. Electrode Organization.- 5. Cell Organization.- 6. Potential-Activity Responses in the Steady State.- 7. Nonideal Responses of Membrane Electrodes-Sources and Effects.- 8. Selectivities and Selectivity Coefficients of Ion-Selective Membrane Electrodes.- Notation.- References.- 2 Precipitate-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Theoretical Part.- 3. Electrode Materials.- 4. Practical Part.- 5. Application of Ion-Selective Electrodes.- References.- 3 Ion-Selective Electrodes Based on Neutral Carriers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Theoretical Description of the EMF Response.- 3. Design Features of Ion-Selective Neutral Carriers and of the Corresponding Membrane Systems.- 4. Electrode Systems Based on Neutral Carriers.- 5. Future Prospects.- References.- 4 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Matrix Membrane Ion-Selective Electrodes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Design and Construction.- 3. Sensors and Mediators.- 4. Responses.- 5. Fundamental Aspects.- 6. Effect of pH on Electrode Behavior.- 7. Alternative Polymer Matrices to PVC.- 8. Conclusion.- References.- 5 Sources of Error in Ion-Selective Electrode Potentiometry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Advantages.- 3. Sources of Error.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 6 Applications of Ion-Selective Electrodes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Coordination Complexes and Reaction Kinetics.- 3. Vegetation, Vegetables, Fruits, Juices, and Oils.- 4. Beverages and Food.- 5. Rocks and Soils.- 6. Air and Stack Gases.- 7. Water Supplies and Seawater.- 8. Industrial Applications.- 9. Mineralized Tissue and Dental Materials.- 10. Biomedical Applications.- 11.Applications of Microelectrodes.- 12. Organic and Pharmaceutical Compounds.- 13. Miscellaneous Applications.- 14. Continuous Monitoring with Electrodes.- 15. Applications in Potentiometric Titrations.- References.
