Running Injuries, An Issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America

Name: Running Injuries, An Issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
Brand: Elsevier
Price: 71.39 EUR
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Michael Fredericson Adam Tenforde(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 18. Februar 2016

100 Seiten

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978-0-323-41711-2 (ISBN)

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Front Cover
Running Injuries
Copyright
Contributors
CONSULTING EDITOR
EDITORS
AUTHORS
Contents
Foreword: Supporting a Running Lifestyle
Preface: Running Injuries
Evaluation and Management of Hip and Pelvis Injuries
Patellofemoral Pain
Iliotibial Band Syndrome in Runners: Biomechanical Implications and Exercise Interventions
Running Injuries: The Infrapatellar Fat Pad and Plica Injuries
Exertional Leg Pain
Foot and Ankle Injuries in Runners
Bone Stress Injuries in Runners
Health Considerations in Female Runners
Running Injuries During Adolescence and Childhood
Injuries and Health Considerations in Ultramarathon Runners
An Evidence-Based Videotaped Running Biomechanics Analysis
Malalignment Syndrome in Runners
Core and Lumbopelvic Stabilization in Runners
Gait Retraining: Altering the Fingerprint of Gait
PHYSICAL MEDICINEANDREHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
FORTHCOMING ISSUES
May 2016
August 2016
November 2016
RECENT ISSUES
November 2015
August 2015
May 2015
Foreword: Supporting a Running Lifestyle
Preface: Running Injuries
Evaluation and Management of Hip and Pelvis Injuries
Key points
INTRODUCTION
INJURIES
Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy
Presentation
Management
Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
Presentation
Management
Piriformis Syndrome
Presentation
Management
Iliopsoas Syndrome
Presentation
Management
Chronic Groin Pain
Presentation
Management
Femoroacetabular Impingement
Presentation
Management
Labral Tears
Presentation
Management
Osteoarthritis
Presentation
Management
Bone Stress Injuries
Presentation
Management
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Patellofemoral Pain
Key points
INTRODUCTION
DISCUSSION
Epidemiology
Cause of Patellofemoral Pain
Risk Factors
Local joint impairments
Quadriceps muscle weakness
Delayed vastus medialis activation
Soft tissue inflexibility
Deficits in lower extremity biomechanics
Hip weakness
Foot pronation
Gait aberrations
Training errors
Other considerations: generalized laxity
Diagnosis
History
Physical examination
Imaging
Management
Quadriceps strengthening
Electromyography biofeedback
Taping
Bracing
Stretching/flexibility
Hip strengthening
Foot orthoses
Gait retraining
Correcting training errors
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Iliotibial Band Syndrome in Runners
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY
KINEMATIC AND MUSCLE PERFORMANCE FACTORS
TREATMENT STRATEGY AND PRACTICE
Phases of Recovery in Iliotibial Band Syndrome
Orientation to gait and kinematics in iliotibial band syndrome in comparison with patellofemoral pain syndrome
Acute phase of iliotibial band syndrome
The subacute phase
The recovery strengthening phase
The return to running phase
CASE EXAMPLE USING RUNNING TECHNIQUE RETRAINING
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Running Injuries
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY
VASCULARIZATION
INNERVATION
BIOMECHANICS
Clinical Features
Treatment
MUSCLE TRAINING
Injections
Operative Treatment
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Exertional Leg Pain
Key points
INTRODUCTION
MEDIAL TIBIAL STRESS SYNDROME
History and Physical Examination
Diagnostic Evaluation
Management
TIBIAL BONE STRESS INJURY
History and Physical Examination
Diagnostic Evaluation
Management
CHRONIC EXERTIONAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
History and Physical Examination
Diagnostic Evaluation
Management
EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY ENDOFIBROSIS
History and Physical Examination
Diagnostic Evaluation
Management
POPLITEAL ARTERY ENTRAPMENT SYNDROME
History and Physical Examination
Diagnostic Evaluation
Management
LOWER EXTREMITY NERVE ENTRAPMENT
History and Physical Examination
Diagnostic Evaluation
Management
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Foot and Ankle Injuries in Runners
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY
Clinical Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Management
PLANTAR FASCIOPATHY
Clinical Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Management
ANKLE SPRAINS
Clinical Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Management
BONE STRESS INJURIES
Clinical Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Management
POSTERIOR TIBIAL TENDON DYSFUNCTION
Clinical Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Management
PERONEAL TENDINOPATHY
Clinical Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Management
OTHER TENDINOPATHIES
Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendinopathy
Anterior Tibial Tendinopathy
JOINT PATHOLOGIES
Osteochondral Lesions
NERVE CONDITIONS
INJURY PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Bone Stress Injuries in Runners
Key points
INTRODUCTION
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION
Incidence and Distribution
RISK FACTORS
EVALUATION
Clinical Evaluation
Sacral/pelvic location
Femoral neck
Lesser trochanter
Femoral shaft
Calcaneus
ANATOMY AND IMAGING
MANAGEMENT
Activity Modification and Aerobic Activity
Ensure Adequate Intake of Calcium and Vitamin D
Female Runners: Screening and Management of the Triad
Evaluation of Bone Health in Male Runners
RECOMMENDATIONS BY ANATOMIC SITE
HIGH-RISK LOCATIONS
Femoral Neck and Lesser Trochanter
Anterior Tibial Cortex
Medial Malleolus
Base of Second Metatarsal
Fifth Metatarsal Diaphysis Fractures
Tarsal Navicular
Sesamoids
MODERATE RISK
Sacrum and Pelvis
Tarsals Cuboid and Cuneiform
Femoral Shaft
LOW RISK
Tibia
Fibula
Calcaneus
Metatarsals
PREVENTION
Participation in Ball Sports During Adolescence
Adequate Calcium and Vitamin D Intake
Preparticipation Physical Examination Screening
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Health Considerations in Female Runners
Key points
INTRODUCTION
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Menarche
Adolescent Growth Spurt
Changes in Body Composition
Skeletal Maturity
Strength and Performance Measures
Preadolescence and Adolescence: A Vulnerable Period
NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
Patterns of Intake in Female Runners
Defining Low Energy Availability
Intentional Versus Unintentional Underfueling
Performance Considerations
Micronutrient Intake
Iron
Calcium
Vitamin D
THE FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD
Energy Availability
Menstrual Status
Effects on Bone
Relationship to Stress Fractures
Screening
Treatment
Consideration of Pharmacologic Treatment of Triad-related Medical Conditions
Clearance/Return to Running Considerations
IRON DEFICIENCY WITH AND WITHOUT ANEMIA
PREGNANCY
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Running Injuries During Adolescence and Childhood
Key points
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
UNIQUE CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE GROWING ATHLETE
Bone Mineral Content
Endocrine
Peak Height Velocity
COMMON RUNNING INJURIES
Apophyseal Injuries
Lower Extremity Tendon Injuries
Bone
Medial tibial stress syndrome and stress fracture
Osteochondritis dissecans
TREATMENT
PREVENTION
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Injuries and Health Considerations in Ultramarathon Runners
Key points
INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF ULTRAMARATHON RUNNERS
INJURIES IN ULTRAMARATHON RUNNERS
PREPARTICIPATION SCREENING FOR ULTRAMARATHONS
MEDICAL ISSUES DURING ULTRAMARATHONS
Blisters
Gastrointestinal Distress
Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia
Dehydration
Vision Impairment
POTENTIAL LONG-TERM HEALTH ISSUES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
An Evidence-Based Videotaped Running Biomechanics Analysis
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ANALYSIS SETUP
Treadmill Setup
Cameras
Views
Markers
Warmup and Analysis Plan
Phases
SIDE VIEW
Foot Strike Pattern
Foot Inclination Angle at Initial Contact
Tibia Angle at Loading Response
Knee Flexion During Stance
Hip Extension During Late Stance
Trunk Lean
Overstriding
Vertical Displacement of the Center of Mass
Additional Variables
Auditory
Shaking of the treadmill
Cadence
POSTERIOR VIEW
Base of Support
Heel Eversion
Foot Progression Angle
Heel Whips
Knee Window
Pelvic Drop
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
Malalignment Syndrome in Runners
Key points
INTRODUCTION
THE PELVIC RING: NORMAL AND ABNORMAL MOBILITY AND FUNCTION
ASSESSING PELVIC MALALIGNMENT
PRESENTATIONS WITH THE PELVIS ALIGNED
Pelvis Aligned, Legs Length Equal
Pelvis Aligned, Right Anatomic (True) Leg Length Difference Present
COMMON PRESENTATIONS OF PELVIC MALALIGNMENT
OUTFLARE AND INFLARE
Examination Findings
Diagnosis and Corrective Procedures: Right Outflare, Left Inflare
Clinical Correlation for Runners
ROTATIONAL MALALIGNMENT
Examination Findings
Diagnosing Rotational Malalignment
Corrective Procedures for Rotational Malalignment
Clinical Correlation for Runners
UPSLIP
Examination Findings
Corrective Procedures for an Upslip
Clinical Correlation for Runners
THE MALALIGNMENT SYNDROME
Pelvic Ring Distortion
Clinical correlation for runners
Compensatory Curves of the Spine
Clinical correlation for runners
Asymmetrical Weight Bearing and Pattern of Shoe Wear
Clinical correlation for runners
Asymmetrical Muscle Tone
Clinical correlation for runners
Asymmetry of Muscle Strength and Bulk
Clinical correlation for runners
Asymmetrical Ligament Tension
Clinical correlation for runners
Asymmetrical Lower Extremity Range of Motion
Clinical correlation for runners
Apparent or Functional Leg Length Difference
Clinical correlation for runners
Impaired Balance and Recovery
Clinical correlation for runners
Case Histories
Runner A: referred pain phenomenon presenting as heel pain
Analysis of case history of runner A
Runner B: biomechanical stresses on the left tensor fascia lata/iliotibial band complex
Analysis of case history of runner B
SORTING OUT COMBINATIONS OF THE 3 COMMON PRESENTATIONS
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TREATING PHYSICIAN
Aggravation or Precipitation of Another Medical Disorder
Back pain arising from conditions of the pelvis or spine
Hip and knee joint osteoarthritis
Iliotibial band friction syndrome
Patellofemoral compartment syndrome
Plantar fasciitis and achilles tendonitis
Stress fracture
Compartment syndrome
Tibial stress syndrome/shin splints
Metatarsalgia, hallux valgus, and medial bunion formation
Peripheral nerve involvement
Pelvic floor dysfunction, coccydynia, and sacroccoccygeal junction pain
Mimicking Another Medical Disorder
Piriformis syndrome and sciatica
Mid back pain and thoracolumbar syndrome
Osteitis condensans ilii, sacroiliitis, spondyloarthropathy
Osteitis pubis
Post-realignment pain and paresthesias
Iliolumbar ligament pain
Overlap with Findings Attributable to a Coexisting Medical Disorder
Case history: runner C-central disc protrusion
Case history: runner D-radiculopathy
Comments on case histories C and D
TREATMENT
A Comprehensive Treatment Program
Shoes
Orthotics
Sacroiliac Belt and Compression Shorts
Injections
Prolotherapy
Cortisone
Surgery
When Malalignment Fails to Respond to a Course of Treatment
Summary
REFERENCES
Core and Lumbopelvic Stabilization in Runners
Key points
WHAT IS THE CORE?
ANATOMY
LOCAL SYSTEM
GLOBAL SYSTEM
PHYSIOLOGY/BIOMECHANICS
BASIC RUNNING BIOMECHANICS
EVALUATION
REHABILITATION
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Gait Retraining
Key points
INTRODUCTION
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RUNNING INJURIES
STRENGTHENING ALONE IS NOT ENOUGH
BRIEF HISTORY OF GAIT RETRAINING
COMPONENTS OF A RETRAINING PROGRAM
ALTERING MOVEMENT PATTERNS IN RUNNERS
ALTERING LOADING PATTERNS AND FOOT STRIKE PATTERNS IN RUNNERS
CASE STUDY OF TRANSITIONING INTERVENTION WITH LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP
MONITORING RUNNERS IN THEIR NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Index

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