Clinical Dilemmas in Viral Liver Disease

Name: Clinical Dilemmas in Viral Liver Disease
Brand: Wiley-Blackwell
Price: 72.99 EUR
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Graham R. Foster K. Rajender Reddy(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-Blackwell (Verlag)

2. Auflage

Erschienen am 20. März 2020

272 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of contributors
Preface
Part I Investigating the Liver
Chapter 1 Noninvasive markers of fibrosis: how reliable are they?
Introduction
Currently available noninvasive methods
Diagnostic performance of noninvasive methods for diagnosing cirrhosis
Use in clinical practice
Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 2 Liver biopsy in chronic viral hepatitis: is there still life left in it?
Liver biopsy
Serologic markers
Imaging alternatives to liver biopsy
Guidelines
What is the trend?
Is biopsy needed for the complications of chronic viral hepatitis?
Is there still life in it?
References
Chapter 3 Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in viral liver disease: any new biomarkers on the horizon?
Introduction
References
Chapter 4 Realistic estimates of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus disease burden
Introduction
References
Part II Today's Therapies
Section 1: HCV
Chapter 5 Acute hepatitis C: treat immediately or give a chance to spontaneously clear?
Introduction
Defining acute hepatitis C infection
Risk factors for evolution of chronic infection
Acute hepatitis C increasing due to opioid epidemic
Treatment response rates in acute relative to chronic hepatitis C
Arguments to treat or not to treat in acute hepatitis C (Table 5.1)
Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)
Practical approach to decision making in acute hepatitis C
References
Chapter 6 Is ribavirin alive or dead in the current era of HCV therapy?
Introduction
Ribavirin in the interferon era
Ribavirin in the era of all-oral DAAs
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Hepatitis C virus genotype and viral testing, and on-treatment monitoring: necessary or overkill?
Introduction
Current recommendations on diagnosis and treatment monitoring for HCV infection
Proposed framework for simplified HCV infection management (Figure 7.1)
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Treatment of hepatitis C virus in renal disease: can we use all the drugs without additional monitoring?
Introduction
DAA metabolism and general recommendations
Non-sofosbuvir recent results
Sofosbuvir-based regimen and renal safety
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Does directly acting antiviral therapy improve quality of life?
Introduction
Health-related quality of life in chronic hepatitis C infection
Direct-acting antiviral therapy and health-related quality of life
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Morbid obesity and hepatitis C: treat as normal or are there additional issues to consider?
Obesity as a health problem
Obesity-related comorbidities
Assessment of fibrosis in obese patients
Obesity and sustained virologic response with interferon therapies
O besity and SVR in the new direct-acting antivirals
Obesity as a predictor of fibrosis progression beyond SVR
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Generic direct-acting antiviral agents: do they work well?
Introduction
Access to generic DAAs
Bioequivalent pharmacokinetics for generic and originator DAAs
Results of generic DAAs by country
Buyers' club global access programs
Results of generic DAA by genotype, cirrhosis and treatment regimen - comparison with clinical trial data
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Impact and management of patients with multiple hepatitis C virus genotypes
Introduction
Extent of the problem
Chimeric hepatitis C virus
Clinical implications of infection with multiple genotypes
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13 Hepatitis C virus and injecting drug use: what are the challenges?
Introduction
Challenge 1: Identification of those with cirrhosis
Challenge 2: Halting the spread of HCV
Challenge 3: Providing treatment as prevention
Challenge 4: Poor linkage to care
Challenge 5: Reinfection
Challenge 6: Standard models of care are not suited for PWID
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14 Hepatitis B virus reactivation while on hepatitis C virus direct-acting antiviral therapy: is that a real concern and when is it a concern?
Introduction
Prevalence of HCV/HBV coinfection
Definition of HBV infection
Definitions of HBV reactivation and clinically significant adverse events
HBV reactivation among persons with chronic HBV
HBV reactivation among persons with resolved HBV
Recommendations for clinical practice
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Drug-drug interactions with direct-acting antivirals: when do we need to care?
Introduction
Mechanisms of Drug-Drug Interactions
Pharmacology of individual directly acting antivirals
Drug-drug interaction advice for specific therapeutic areas
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Treatment of hepatitis C in children
Introduction
Principles of treatment
General management
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 While direct-acting antivirals are effective, are there any unique safety considerations?
Introduction
Safety profile of DAAs
Significant drug-drug interactions*
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 Harm reduction strategies to prevent new infections and reinfections among people who inject drugs: how effective are they?
Introduction
Risk factors for HCV acquisition among people who inject drugs
Definitions of viral relapse and reinfection
Strategies to reduce HCV (re)infection among PWID
Treatment as prevention and the impact of reinfection
Practical approaches to prevent HCV infection and reinfection among PWID
References
Chapter 19 Hepatitis C virus therapy in advanced liver disease: treat or transplant and treat?
Introduction
Efficacy and safety of treatment before liver transplantation
Efficacy and safety of treatment after liver transplantation
Controversies in the timing of HCV treatment of patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 20 Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus: which should be treated first?
Introduction
Treatment of HCV before tumor eradication
Treatment of HCV after tumor eradication
Conclusion
References
Chapter 21 Should we incentivize patients to take hepatitis C virus therapy?
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 22 Treating prisoners with hepatitis C: should we do it and how?
Introduction
Response
Challenges and solutions
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 23 Use of hepatitis C virus-positive organs for uninfected recipients in the era of effective and safe direct-acting antivirals: pros and cons
Introduction
Definitions
Use of organs from HCV-positive donors in HCV-negative recipients
Treatment and ethical concerns
Current and future perspectives
References
Chapter 24 Is real-life hepatitis C virus therapy as effective as in clinical trials?
References
Section 2: HBV, HDV, and HEV
Chapter 25 Management of acute hepatitis B infection: when should we offer antiviral therapy?
Introduction
Rationale for treatment of acute HBV infection
Viral kinetics of acute HBV infection
Antiviral options for acute HBV infection
Antiviral therapy to improve liver function in acute HBV
Antiviral therapy to prevent chronic infection in acute HBV
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 26 Rethinking the inactive carrier state: management of patients with low-replicative HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B and normal liver enzymes
Introduction
Definition of normal ALT levels
Hepatitis B virus DNA levels
Serum HBsAg levels
Hepatitis B core-related antigen
Fibrosis evaluation and noninvasive markers
Natural history
Therapy
References
Chapter 27 Hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B infection with minimal changes on liver biopsy: what to do next
Conclusion
References
Chapter 28 The management of hepatitis B virus in pregnancy
Prevention of hepatitis B virus transmission by vaccination
Antiviral prophylaxis for high viral load mothers
Hepatitis flare after stopping antiviral therapy
Safety of antiviral drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding
References
Chapter 29 Treatment of hepatitis B in children
References
Chapter 30 Hepatitis B vaccine failures: how do we handle them?
Introduction
History
Definition of nonresponse to immunization
Risk factors for nonresponse to vaccination
Ways to approach nonresponse to conventional immunization against HBV
Vaccine adjuvants and immune stimulators
References
Chapter 31 The stopping rules in hepatitis B virus therapy: can we provide any guidance?
The dilemma: effective control but little cure in chronic hepatitis B
How may discontinuation of antiviral treatment increase immune control?
Stopping NA treatment after achieving serologic endpoints
Inducing serologic response by stopping NA treatment in HBeAg-negative patients
How can response to NA discontinuation be predicted?
Management of harmful ALT flares after NA discontinuation
Guidance for stopping NA treatment
Future perspectives on the role of NA discontinuation for HBV treatment
References
Chapter 32 Hepatitis C and hepatitis B coinfection
Introduction
Clinical impact of HCV/HBV coinfection
Evaluation and treatment of HCV and HBV coinfection (Table 32.1)
Treatment of subjects with HCV/HBV coinfection using PEG-IFN and RBV
Treatment of HBV and HCV coinfection in the era of DAA
Improvement in clinical outcomes
Updated international guidance on the treatment of patients with HCV and HBV coinfection
Conclusion and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 33 Chronic hepatitis E virus infection: is it reality or hype and where does it matter?
Introduction
Chronic HEV infection among solid organ transplant patients
Chronic HEV infection among HIV-positive patients
Management of chronic HEV infection
Conclusion
References
Chapter 34 Hepatitis E virus vaccines: have they arrived - when, where and for whom?
Introduction
Principles underlying HEV vaccines
Human studies with HEV vaccines: efficacy and safety
Indications for use of HEV vaccine
Conclusion
References
Part III Clinical Set-up and the Future
Chapter 35 Do we need expert hepatitis C virus treaters or are amateur treaters good enough?
References
Chapter 36 Hepatitis C vaccines: how close are we to the promised land?
The need for an HCV vaccine
HCV vaccine rationale: insights from natural infection and animal studies
Generating anti-HCV immunity with vaccines
Universal HCV vaccines to target multiple genotypes
Combining antibody and T-cell components in rational vaccine design
Remaining challenges to overcome in HCV vaccine development
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 37 Elimination of hepatitis C virus in high-prevalence, low-income countries: is it feasible?
The hope
The barriers
Pursuit of a model of care: the Egyptian experience
Conclusion
References
Chapter 38 Hepatitis B virus diagnostics: anything new?
Introduction
Hepatitis B surface antigen
Quantitative HBV DNA testing
Covalently closed circular DNA
Hepatitis B e antigen and antibody
Hepatitis B core antigen and core- related antigen
Quantitative HBV RNA
Hepatitis B core antibody
Hepatitis B surface antibody
HBV genotypes and subtypes
Precore and basal core mutations
Biomarkers associated with risk for progression
Future perspectives
Conclusion
References
Part IV Ongoing Controversies
Chapter 39 Is hepatocellular carcinoma risk impacted favorably or unfavorably by hepatitis C virus therapy with direct-acting antivirals?
References
Chapter 40 Global elimination of hepatitis C virus by 2030: the optimistic view
Introduction
Infectious diseases elimination and HCV elimination as a global target
Progress towards HCV elimination targets
Strategies required to enhance global HCV elimination efforts
Reasons for optimism
References
Chapter 41 Global elimination of hepatitis C virus by 2030: the pessimistic view
Introduction
Underdiagnosis of HCV infection
Inadequate prevention strategies
Undertreatment of HCV infection
Conclusion
References
Index
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