Recovery of Byproducts from Acid Mine Drainage Treatment

Name: Recovery of Byproducts from Acid Mine Drainage Treatment
Brand: Wiley-ISTE
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Elvis Fosso-Kankeu Christian Wolkersdorfer Jo Burgess(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-ISTE (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 4. September 2020

384 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Part 1: Prediction and Prevention of AMD Formation
Chapter 1 Management of Metalliferous Solid Waste and its Potential to Contaminate Groundwater: A Case Study of O'Kiep, Namaqualand Sout
List of Abbreviations
1.1 Introduction
1.2 CMMs: Overview and Challenges
1.3 Metalliferous Solid Waste
1.3.1 Stockpiled Overburden Materials
1.3.2 Stockpiled Metalliferous Waste
1.3.3 Metalliferous Tailings
1.4 Environmental and Social Impact of CMMs and MSW
1.5 Soil Contamination
1.6 Groundwater Contamination
1.7 Atmospheric Contamination
1.8 Metalliferous Solid Waste Management
1.9 Rehabilitation and Restoration Strategies
1.10 ARD Formation and Groundwater Contamination
1.11 Overview of Challenges Associated with CMMs
1.12 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Mine Water Treatment and the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Acid Mine Drainage Prediction
List of Abbreviations
2.1 Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)
2.1.1 AMD Generation
2.1.2 Factors Controlling AMD Generation
2.2 Remediation of AMD
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.2 Passive Treatment of AMD
2.2.3 Active Treatment of AMD
2.2.4 Challenges With Current AMD Treatment
2.2.5 Value Recovery From AMD Treatment
2.3 Prediction of AMD
2.3.1 Limitations of Predictive Tools
2.4 Application of Artificial Intelligence for AMD Quality Prediction
2.4.1 Introduction
2.4.2 Different AI Techniques Used to Predict AMD Quality
2.4.3 Limitations of AI Techniques in Prediction of AMD Quality
2.4.4 Case Study-Ermelo Coalfield, South Africa
2.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3 The Prediction of Acid Mine Drainage Potential Using Mineralogy
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Mineralogical Approach for Prediction of AMD Potential
3.2.1 AMD Chemistry for Maximum Acid Generation or Consumption Potential
3.2.2 Mineral Modal Abundance
3.2.3 Mineral Reactivity
3.2.4 Mineral Liberation
3.2.5 Calculation of the AMD Potential
3.3 Application of the AMD Predictive Protocol
3.3.1 Experimental Procedures
3.3.2 Results and Discussion
3.4 Conclusions and Further Work
References
Chapter 4 Oxidation Processes and Formation of Acid Mine Drainage from Gold Mine Tailings: A South African Perspective
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Weathering and Oxidation of the Witwatersrand Gold Tailings
4.3 Water Infiltration and Oxygen Diffusion vs Oxidation Processes
4.3.1 Hydrogeology of Tailings Storage Facilities
4.3.1.1 Introduction
4.3.1.2 Primary Hydraulic Characteristics
4.3.1.3 Geological Structures as Preferential Flow Paths
4.3.2 Oxygen Diffusion
4.4 Geochemical and Mineralogical Evolution
4.4.1 Tailings Geochemistry and Mineralogy
4.4.2 Pore Water Geochemistry
4.5 Discussion, Conclusion, and Recommendations
4.5.1 Discussion
4.5.1.1 Mapping of the Oxidation Zones in Tailings Dams
4.5.1.2 Hydrogeological Situation
4.5.1.3 Oxygen Diffusion With Depth
4.5.1.4 Mineralogical and Geochemical Evolution of Tailings
4.5.1.5 Evolution of Pore Water Chemistry
4.5.1.6 Oxidation Processes and Drainage Formation
4.5.2 Conclusions
4.5.3 Recommendations
Acknowledgements
References
Part 2: AMD Treatment
Chapter 5 Technologies that can be Used for the Treatment of Wastewater and Brine for the Recovery of Drinking Water and Saleable Produc
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Formation of Acid Mine Water
5.1.2 Water Volumes
5.1.3 Legislation
5.1.4 Government Initiatives
5.1.5 Required Criteria
5.2 Neutralization Technologies
5.2.1 Neutralization Using Lime
5.2.1.1 Conventional Treatment With Lime
5.2.1.2 High-Density Sludge Process
5.2.2 Limestone Neutralization
5.2.3 Limestone Handling and Dosing System
5.2.4 Utilization of Alkali in Mine Water for Removal of Iron(II)
5.2.5 Modeling
5.2.6 Lime/Limestone Neutralization
5.2.6.1 Description of the Process
5.2.6.2 Removal of H2SO4, Fe3+, and Al3+ with Limestone
5.2.6.3 Removal of H2SO4, Fe3+, Al3+, and Fe2+ with Limestone
5.3 Chemical Desalination
5.3.1 SAVMIN
5.3.2 Barium Sulfate Treatment Process
5.4 Membrane Processes
5.4.1 Reverse Osmosis
5.4.2 NF Technologies
5.4.3 High Recovery Precipitating Reverse Osmosis (HiPRO®) Process
5.4.4 Electrodialysis
5.4.5 Vibration Shear Enhanced Process
5.4.6 Multi-Effect Membrane Distillation
5.4.7 Forward Osmosis Desalination
5.4.8 Biomimetic Desalination-Aquaporin Proteins
5.4.9 Carbon Nanotube Distillation
5.5 Ion-Exchange Technologies
5.5.1 Introduction
5.5.2 Conventional Ion-Exchange
5.5.3 The GYP-CIX
5.5.4 KNeW
5.6 Biological Processes
5.6.1 Background
5.6.2 Biological Sulfate Reduction
5.6.3 Constructed Bioreactors
5.6.4 Paques Technologies
5.6.5 BioSURE Technology
5.6.6 The VitaSOFT Process
5.6.7 In Situ Reactor
5.6.8 Constructed Aerobic Wetlands
5.6.9 Permeable Reactive Barriers
5.6.10 General Aspects and Various Passive Technologies
5.7 Electrochemical Processes
5.7.1 Electrocoagulation
5.7.2 Nanoelectrochemical Process for the Treatment of AMD
5.8 Freezing-Based Technologies
5.8.1 Basics
5.8.2 Eutectic Freeze Crystallization
5.8.3 HybridICET Technology
5.9 Sludge Processing
5.9.1 Background
5.9.2 Recovery of Saleable Products or Raw Materials
5.10 Integrated Processes-ROC Process
5.10.1 Background
5.10.2 Process Description
5.11 Feasibility Models
5.11.1 Introduction
5.11.2 Feasibility of Individual Stages
5.11.2.1 Neutralization Technologies
5.11.2.2 Desalination Technologies
5.11.2.3 Brine Treatment
5.11.2.4 Product Recovery
5.11.3 Feasibility of Various Process Configurations
5.12 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Part 3: Recovery of Values from AMD
Chapter 6 Recovery of Ochers from Acid Mine Drainage Treatment: A Geochemical Modeling and Experimental Approach
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Methodology
6.2.1 Simulation Studies-Model Setup as an Experimental Design Approach
6.2.2 Experimental Studies
6.2.2.1 Experiment 1
6.2.2.2 Using NaOH as a Neutralizing Agent
6.2.2.3 Addition of Ferrocyanide to Mineral Salts Used to Simulate AMD (Experiment 2)
6.2.2.4 Using MgCO3 as a Neutralizing Agent
6.2.3 Characterization of Fe Oxides
6.3 Results and Discussion
6.3.1 Simulation Studies
6.3.1.1 Individual Neutralizing Agents
6.3.1.2 Combined Neutralizing Agents
6.3.1.3 Equilibrating with CO
6.3.1.4 Equilibrating with O
6.3.1.5 Fixed pH
6.3.1.6 Varying Temperature
6.3.1.7 Varying Concentrations of Neutralizing Agents
6.3.2 Characterization of HDS
6.3.2.1 Aims and Dry Matter
6.3.2.2 Physical Characterization of HDS
6.3.2.3 Chemical Characterization of HDS
6.3.2.4 Mineralogy and Chemical Composition of HDS
6.3.3 Experimental Studies
6.3.3.1 Procedure Description
6.3.3.2 Formation of Precipitates
6.3.3.3 Characterization of Fe Precipitates
6.3.3.4 Application in Paintings and Artwork
6.3.3.5 Water Chemistry
6.4 Indicative Cost Analysis
6.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7 Innovative Routes for Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) Valorization: Advocating for a Circular Economy
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Problem Description
7.1.2 Physico-Chemical-Microbiological Properties of AMD
7.2 Health Effects Associated with Contaminants in AMD
7.3 Abatement of AMD
7.4 Techniques for AMD Treatment
7.4.1 Overview
7.4.2 Chemical Precipitation
7.4.3 Adsorption
7.4.4 Filtration
7.4.4.1 Introduction to Membrane Technologies
7.4.5 Phyto Remediation
7.4.5.1 Theory of the MD Process
7.4.6 Phytoremediation
7.5 Valorization of AMD
7.5.1 Aims of Valorization
7.5.2 Reclamation of Drinking Water
7.5.3 Recovery of Valuable Minerals
7.5.4 Synthesis of Valuable Minerals
7.6 Case Study
7.7 Challenges Relating to Valorization
7.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 8 Recovery of Critical Raw Materials from Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): The EIT-Funded MORECOVERY Project
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Recovery of CRMs from AMD
8.3 Upscaling of Successful Technologies and Economic Suitability
8.4 Coupling Environmental and Resources Policy: The EIT-Funded MORECOVERY Project
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 9 Deriving Value from Acid Mine Drainage
9.1 Introduction
9.2 AMD Formation
9.3 AMD Treatment Options
9.3.1 General Philosophy
9.3.2 High-Density Sludge Neutralization of AMD
9.3.3 Sulfate Removal Options
9.3.3.1 Reverse Osmosis
9.3.3.2 Ettringite Precipitation
9.3.3.3 Barium Carbonate Addition
9.3.3.4 Biological Sulfate Reduction
9.4 Deriving Value from AMD
9.4.1 Fit-for-Use Water
9.4.1.1 The Cascade Model
9.4.1.2 Water Suitable for Irrigation
9.4.1.3 Water Suitable for Industrial Use
9.4.1.4 Water Suitable for Environmental Discharge
9.4.1.5 Water Suitable for Sanitation
9.4.1.6 Potable Water
9.4.1.7 Cooling Water
9.4.1.8 Boiler Water
9.4.2 By-Products from AMD Treatment Processes
9.4.2.1 Overview
9.4.2.2 Gypsum Containing Products
9.4.2.3 High-Value Iron-Bearing Products
9.4.2.4 Uranium and Base Metals
9.4.2.5 Hydrogen
9.5 Synopsis
9.5.1 AMD Remediation
9.5.2 Deriving Value From AMD
References
Chapter 10 Rare Earth Elements-A Treasure Locked in AMD?
10.1 AMD-Annoyance or Resource
10.2 Rare Earths-The Almost Forgotten Elements!
10.3 Characteristics-What is with the f-Orbitals?
10.4 Applications-Sweating the Unique Characteristics
10.4.1 Introduction
10.4.2 Rare Earths as Process Enablers
10.4.2.1 Catalysis
10.4.2.2 Physical Metallurgy
10.4.2.3 Glass and Ceramic Industries
10.4.2.4 Medicine and Health Care
10.4.3 Rare Earths as Technology Building Blocks
10.4.3.1 Permanent Magnets
10.4.3.2 Energy Storage
10.4.3.3 Phosphors
10.4.3.4 Glass Additives
10.4.3.5 Lasers
10.5 Occurrence-From Magma to AMD
10.6 REEs-From AMD to High Technology?
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 11 Opportunities and Challenges of Re-Mining Mine Water for Resources
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Mine Water and Drainages
11.2.1 Mine Water in Context of This Chapter
11.2.2 General Mine Water Chemistry
11.2.3 Types of Mine Water Sources
11.2.3.1 Overview
11.2.3.2 Flooded Underground Mine Pool
11.2.3.3 Flooded Opencast Lakes
11.2.3.4 Leachates
11.2.4 Drainages of Mine Water
11.2.4.1 Acid Mine Drainage
11.2.4.2 Alkali Mine Drainage
11.3 Potential Extractable Resources
11.3.1 Water Supply
11.3.1.1 Opportunities
11.3.1.2 Applicable Extraction Methods
11.3.1.3 Challenges
11.3.1.4 Counter Options
11.3.2 Thermal Resource
11.3.2.1 Opportunities
11.3.2.2 Applicable Extraction Methods
11.3.2.3 Challenges
11.3.2.4 Counter Options
11.3.3 Electricity Generation Prospects
11.3.3.1 Opportunities
11.3.3.2 Applicable Extraction Methods
11.3.3.3 Challenges
11.3.3.4 Counter Options
11.3.4 Mineral Resource Extraction
11.3.4.1 Opportunities
11.3.4.2 Applicable Extraction Methods
11.3.5 Re-Mining Mine Water Treatment Sludge
11.3.5.1 Opportunities
11.3.5.2 Applicable Extraction Methods
11.3.5.3 Challenges
11.3.5.4 Counter Options
11.3.6 Mine Methane Gas Extraction
11.3.6.1 Opportunities
11.3.6.2 Applicable Extraction Methods
11.3.6.3 Challenges
11.3.6.4 Counter Options
11.4 Conclusion
References
Index
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