Emergency and Critical Care, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice

Name: Emergency and Critical Care, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice
Brand: Elsevier
Price: 79.72 EUR
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Margaret Fordham Brian K. Roberts(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 27. Mai 2016

100 Seiten

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978-0-323-44487-3 (ISBN)

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Front Cover
Emergency and Critical Care
Copyright
Contributors
CONSULTING EDITOR
EDITORS
AUTHORS
Contents
Foreword
Preface: Exotic Pet and Wildlife Emergency Medicine for the Small Animal Practitioner
Preparing the Small Animal Hospital for Avian and Exotic Animal Emergencies
Basic Shock Physiology and Critical Care
How to Improve Anesthesia and Analgesia in Small Mammals
Assessment and Care of the Critically Ill Rabbit
Common Emergencies in Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, and Chinchillas
Medical and Surgical Emergencies in Ferrets
Common Emergencies in Small Rodents, Hedgehogs, and Sugar Gliders
Critical Care of Pet Birds
Common Emergencies in Pet Birds
Emergencies and Critical Care of Commonly Kept Fowl
Approach to Reptile Emergency Medicine
Reptile Critical Care and Common Emergencies
Wildlife Emergency and Critical Care
Tarantula and Hermit Crab Emergency Care
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: EXOTIC ANIMAL PRACTICE
FORTHCOMING ISSUES
September 2016
January 2017
May 2017
RECENT ISSUES
January 2016
September 2015
May 2015
Foreword
Preface: Exotic Pet and Wildlife Emergency Medicine for the Small Animal Practitioner
Preparing the Small Animal Hospital for Avian and Exotic Animal Emergencies
Key points
INTRODUCTION
MAKING THE DECISION TO SEE EXOTICS IN THE SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
PROFESSIONAL STAFF INTEREST AND TRAINING
BENEFITS OF ACHIEVING BASIC GOALS FOR HOSPITAL STAFF
INITIAL WELCOME FOR THE EXOTIC ANIMAL
THE IMPORTANCE OF A THOROUGH HISTORY
PREPARING THE HOSPITAL SPACE FOR EXOTIC ANIMAL PATIENTS
DIETS
THE EMERGENCY EXOTIC ANIMAL PATIENT ARRIVES
THE AVIAN EMERGENCY PATIENT
THE HERBIVORE EMERGENCY PATIENT (RABBITS, GUINEA PIGS, AND CHINCHILLAS)
THE FERRET EMERGENCY PATIENT
THE REPTILE EMERGENCY PATIENT
WILDLIFE EMERGENCIES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Basic Shock Physiology and Critical Care
Key points
DEFINITIONS
PHYSIOLOGY OF PERFUSION
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SHOCK
SHOCK STAGES
Compensatory Shock
Decompensatory Shock
SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME
SPECIES DIFFERENCES OF SHOCK AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME
Mammals
Reptiles
Birds
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
How to Improve Anesthesia and Analgesia in Small Mammals
Key points
PREANESTHETIC EVALUATION
FASTING
STABILIZATION
MONITORING
Mucous Membrane
Capillary Refill Time
Heart Rate
Electrocardiogram
Mentation
Body Temperature
Blood Pressure
Pulse Oximetry
Respiratory Monitor
Capnography
EQUIPMENT
Mask
Induction Chamber
Breath Holding
Minimum Alveolar Concentration
Breathing Circuits and Gas Flow
Endotracheal Tube
V-Gel
INTUBATION
Ferrets
Rabbits
Guinea Pigs
Rodents
Rats
Eye Protection
Positioning
Checklist
Drugs
Atropinase
Intranasal Drug Administration
Propofol
Ketamine
Etomidate
Alfaxalone
PAIN MEDICATION
Opioids
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Local Anesthetic Agents
a2-Adrenergic Agonists
Ketamine
Gabapentin and Pregabalin
NONPHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTION
PAIN ASSESSMENT
Pain Assessment Tools
Postoperative Care
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Assessment and Care of the Critically Ill Rabbit
Key points
INTRODUCTION
Initial Assessment
History
Initial Clinical Assessment
Monitoring
Body Weight
Body Temperature
Oxygen Saturation
Blood Pressure
Digital palpation
Noninvasive blood pressure
Invasive blood pressure
Blood gas analysis and acid-base status
Electrolytes
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Ionized calcium
Glucose
Lactate
Coagulation
Packed cell volume
Urea
Protein
Urinalysis
Fluid Therapy
Body water distribution
Routes of Administration
Oral fluids
Subcutaneous fluids
Intravenous fluids
Intraosseous fluids
Peritoneal dialysis
Intrarectal fluid therapy
Fluid Choice
Crystalloids
Potassium supplementation
Bicarbonate supplementation
Colloid
Transfusion
Intralipid
Fluid volume replacement
Fluid Deficit Correction
Therapeutics
Sedation
Positive inotropes
Anticholinergics
Pain Management
Opioids
Lidocaine
Ketamine
Oxygen
Antibiotics
Steroids
Nutrition
Energy needs
Nasogastric tube
Esophagostomy tube
Parenteral Nutrition
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Common Emergencies in Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, and Chinchillas
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ORAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE
Anorexia and Dysbiosis
Dental Disease
Evaluation of Anorexia
Treatment of Stasis and Obstruction
RESPIRATORY DISEASE
GENITOURINARY DISEASE
Urolithiasis and Sediment
Paraphimosis
NEUROLOGIC DISEASE
Vestibular Disease: Torticollis
CUTANEOUS DISEASE
Sarcoptic Mange
Urine Scalding
Fur Slip
REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE
Pregnancy Toxemia
Dystocia
TRAUMA AND SHOCK
Heat Stroke
Limb Fractures
Traumatic Wounds
Ocular Trauma
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Medical and Surgical Emergencies in Ferrets
Key points
INTRODUCTION
SEIZURES
Hypoglycemia
Hypocalcemia
Other Causes of Seizures
ANEMIA
Hyperestrogenism-Related Anemia
Transfusions
Removal of estrogen source
Hyperestrogenism from persistent-estrus
Hyperestrogenism from adrenal hyperplasia or neoplasia
Hyperestrogenism from estrogen-producing tumors
INTOXICATION
Ibuprofen Toxicosis
Anticoagulant Rodenticide
ACUTE ABDOMEN
Gastrointestinal Obstruction
Intestinal Perforation
Biliary Disorders
Spleen Disorders
Intervertebral Disk Prolapse
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
Urethral Obstruction
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Valvular Regurgitation and Cardiomyopathies
Atrioventricular Block
Filariosis
Congenital Disorders
Hypertension and Aortic Aneurysms
TRAUMA
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REFERENCES
Common Emergencies in Small Rodents, Hedgehogs, and Sugar Gliders
Key points
INTRODUCTION
Patient Evaluation Overview
Small rodents
Hedgehogs
Sugar gliders
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Triage
Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation
Respiratory support
Cardiovascular support
Catheterization
Critical Care Assessment and Treatment
Fluid support
Pain medication
Diagnostic Testing
COMMON PRESENTING COMPLAINTS ON EMERGENCY
Anorexia and Lethargy
Trauma
Respiratory Distress
Neurologic Disorders
Ophthalmic Disorders
Proptosis
Chromodacryorrhea (porphyrin discharge)
Miscellaneous
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Dental disorders
Diarrhea and vomiting
Urogenital Emergencies
Skin Disease
Toxin Exposure
TREATMENT
Nutritional Support
Surgical treatment options
Treatment complications
Humane euthanasia of small exotic mammals
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Critical Care of Pet Birds
Key points
TRIAGE
PHONE CONTACT
PRESENTATION
INFORMED CONSENT/EMERGENCY CARE RELEASE AND ESTIMATE
HISTORY
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
CLINICAL TESTING
RADIOLOGY
SPECIAL DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
PATIENT SUPPORT
FLUID SUPPORT
FLUID PHYSIOLOGY
ROUTE
CHOICE OF FLUIDS
SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT/INTENSIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
THERMAL SUPPORT
OXYGEN SUPPORT
INTENSIVE CARE ENVIRONMENTS
COMFORT
FLAT SURFACES VERSUS PERCHES
NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT
ORAL GAVAGE
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
MEDICAL THERAPY
Antibiotic Choices
PAIN MANAGEMENT
CONTINUED CARE
REFERENCES
Common Emergencies in Pet Birds
Key points
INTRODUCTION
EMERGENCIES THAT PRESENT WITH RESPIRATORY SIGNS
Physical Examination
Treatment and Diagnostics of Common Respiratory Emergencies
Rhinitis/sinusitis
Parasitic tracheal infections
Tracheal obstruction
Exposure to respiratory irritant or toxin and asthma/hypersensitivity patients
Pneumonia and air sacculitis
Subcutaneous emphysema
Treatment and Diagnostics of Birds with Extrarespiratory Causes of Dyspnea
Cardiovascular failure
Ascites
EMERGENCIES THAT PRESENT WITH GASTROINTESTINAL SIGNS
Initial Therapeutics
Possible Diagnostics
Additional Initial Therapies Considered for Birds Presenting with Gastrointestinal Signs
EMERGENCIES INVOLVING THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
Egg Binding and Dystocia
Clinical signs of egg binding and dystocia
Emergency treatment of egg binding and dystocia
Egg Yolk Peritonitis
Clinical signs of egg yolk peritonitis
Emergency treatment of egg yolk peritonitis
Cloacal Prolapse
Clinical signs of cloacal prolapse
Treatment of cloacal prolapses
EMERGENCIES OF THE NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM
Seizures
Ataxia and Tremors
Head Trauma
Acute Onset of Leg Paresis or Paralysis
TRAUMA
Broken Blood Feathers
Trauma to the Nails
Trauma to the Skin
Abrasions and lacerations
Burns
Bite wounds
Trauma to the Beak
Collisions, entrapment, and bite wounds
Band Wounds and Other Constriction Injuries
Glue Traps
Fractured Limbs
EXPOSURE TO TOXINS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Emergencies and Critical Care of Commonly Kept Fowl
Key points
INTRODUCTION
TRIAGE
PRIMARY SURVEY
SECONDARY SURVEY
HANDLING AND RESTRAINT
VASCULAR ACCESS AND FLUID THERAPY IN UNSTABLE PATIENTS
ADDITIONAL MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES USED IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS
SEDATION AND ANESTHESIA
ANALGESIA
HOSPITALIZATION
COMMON CLINICAL EMERGENCY PRESENTATIONS
Hemorrhage
Trauma
Hypothermic Shock
Heat Stress
Dyspnea and Respiratory Disease
Neurologic Disease
Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal Impactions
Intussusception and Volvulus
Coelomitis
Egg Coelomitis
Prolapsed Oviduct
Egg Bound
Phallus Prolapse
EUTHANASIA
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
Approach to Reptile Emergency Medicine
Key points
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
PHYSIOLOGY
Thermoregulation
Metabolism
Anatomy
Nervous System
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Urogenital System
Integument System
Musculoskeletal System
Stress
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Reptile Critical Care and Common Emergencies
Key points
INTRODUCTION
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND MONITORING
DIAGNOSTICS
FLUID THERAPY
COMMON EMERGENCY PRESENTATIONS
Bites/Trauma
Chelonian Shell Fracture
Dystocia
Fractures (Pathologic vs Traumatic)
Gastrointestinal Presentations
Neurologic Presentations
Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (Commonly Referred to as "Metabolic Bone Disease")
Ocular Presentations
Prolapse
Renal Failure
Respiratory Presentations
Thermal Burns
Sepsis
Euthanasia
Carriage Return
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Wildlife Emergency and Critical Care
Key points
BIRDS
Patient Assessment
Sedation and Anesthesia
Avian Handling and Restraint
Physical Examination
Basic Diagnostics
Fluid Therapy
Drugs Used in Avian Wildlife Patients
Anxiolytics
Antibiotics
Antifungals
Supportive Care
Caging
Nutritional support
Common Emergency Presentations
Trauma
Anemia
Euthanasia
REPTILES
Patient Assessment
Sedation and Anesthesia
Physical Examination
Basic Diagnostics
Fluid Therapy
Drugs Used in Reptiles
Analgesics
Dissociatives
Antimicrobials
Supportive Care
Nutritional Support
Common Emergency Presentations
Euthanasia
MAMMALS
Patient Assessment
Sedation and Anesthesia
Physical Examination
Basic Diagnostics
Fluid Therapy
Medications Used in Mammals
Analgesics
Antibiotics
Supportive Care
Nutritional Support
Common Emergency Presentations
Euthanasia
Legalities Concerning the Medical Treatment of Wildlife
REFERENCES
Tarantula and Hermit Crab Emergency Care
Key points
INTRODUCTION
TARANTULAS
Anatomy
Ecdysis
Purchasing and Species
Husbandry
Dangers and Warnings
Safe Handling
Presentation, History, and Physical Examination
Anesthesia and Diagnostics
Disorders and Treatment
Euthanasia
HERMIT CRABS
Biology
Husbandry
Diagnostics
Disorders and Treatment
Euthanasia
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REFERENCES
Index

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