Electromagnetic Waves 1

Preface ix

Chapter 1. Maxwell's Equations 1
Ibrahima SAKHO

1.1. Maxwell's equations in a vacuum 1

1.1.1. Electrostatics 1

1.1.2. Magnetostatics 17

1.1.3. Electromagnetic induction 33

1.1.4. Maxwell's equations 54

1.2. Maxwell equations in material media 85

1.2.1. Electric field and potential in macroscopic dielectric media 86

1.2.2. Homogeneous linear dielectric media 95

1.2.3. Magnetic media 98

1.2.4. Maxwell equations in a polarized and magnetic medium 111

1.3. References 117

Chapter 2. The Propagation of Optical and Radio Electromagnetic Waves 119
Hervé SIZUN

2.1. Introduction 119

2.2. Maxwell's equations 121

2.2.1. Maxwell-Gauss equation 121

2.2.2. Maxwell-Thompson equation 122

2.2.3. Maxwell-Faraday equation 123

2.2.4. Maxwell-Ampère equation 123

2.3. Solving Maxwell's equations 124

2.4. Characteristics of electromagnetic waves 125

2.4.1. Propagation speed 125

2.4.2. Wavelength and/or frequency 126

2.4.3. The characteristic impedance of the propagation medium 127

2.4.4. Poynting vector 127

2.4.5. The refractive index 128

2.4.6. Polarization 129

2.4.7. Transpolarization 131

2.4.8. Different propagation paths 132

2.4.9. Fresnel zones 133

2.4.10. Fundamental properties of the propagation channel 134

2.5. Propagation modeling 146

2.5.1. Tropospheric propagation 147

2.5.2. Propagation in rural, suburban and urban areas 172

2.5.3. Propagation within buildings 184

2.5.4. Broadband propagation 196

2.5.5. Ultra-wideband propagation 200

2.6. The propagation of visible and infrared waves in the Earth's atmosphere 207

2.6.1. Introduction 207

2.6.2. The propagation of light in the atmosphere 208

2.6.3. The different models 214

2.6.4. Experimental results 222

2.6.5. Fog and mist 225

2.6.6. Sandstorms 226

2.6.7. Meteorological optical range 227

2.6.8. Applications 231

2.7. Conclusion 232

2.8. Recommendations ITU-R 233

2.9. References 233

Appendix 1 239

Appendix 2 243

Appendix 3 261

Appendix 4 269

Appendix 5 273

List of Acronyms and Constants 275

List of Authors 277

Index 279