Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Plasma and Energy Conversion

Name: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Plasma and Energy Conversion | iSPEC2023, 27-29 October, Nanjing, China
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iSPEC2023, 27-29 October, Nanjing, China

Zhi Fang Cheng Zhang Danhua Mei Shuai Zhang(Herausgeber*in)

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Erschienen am 10. August 2024

XXXII, 723 Seiten

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Beschreibung

This proceedings book contains selected and expanded contributions presented at the 5th International Symposium on Plasma and Energy Conversion (ISPEC), held in Nanjing, China, on 27-29 October. 2023.

These proceedings highlight the latest research findings, technological advances, and innovative ideas in plasma and energy conversion which are critical to addressing the global energy and environmental challenges.

Oriented towards the international frontier of carbon emission reduction technologies and China's national strategic goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, plasma and related energy conversion has been gaining attention as a promising alternative to thermal-catalysis or electro-catalysis. The proceedings discuss and exchange cutting-edge scientific innovations and technological advances in fields such as the basic process of discharge plasmas, plasma-assisted synthesis of chemicals and fuels, plasma-controlled environmental pollution, plasma-assisted preparation and treatment of catalysts and function materials, plasma-interface interactions, plasma modelling and simulation technology, and high-voltage measurement and instrumentation, which show great industrial potentials in conversion and utilization of greenhouse gases (e.g. CO2 and CH4), nitrogen fixation, plasma deposition and chemical synthesis, environmental clean-up (e.g. gas cleaning and wastewater treatment), as well as the development of the corresponding plasma devices and driving power supplies.

This collection of papers presents the main contributions of plasma and energy conversion in the form of separate chapters, including cutting-edge studies on conversion technology, synthesis and treatment technology, complex mechanism simulation and modelling, as well as in-situ detection and diagnosis.

These proceedings are suitable for researchers engaged in fields like plasma chemistry, plasma-catalysis, discharge diagnosis and modelling, chemical modelling, and high-voltage applications.

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Zhi Fang was born in Heilongjiang Province, China. He received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, in 1999, 2002, and 2005, respectively. He is currently Professor at Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China. He was Visiting Scholar with A. J. Drexel Plasma Institute (USA) from 2011 to 2012, University of Liverpool (UK) in 2016 and Queensland University of Technology (Australia) from 2017-2018. His current research interests include atmospheric pressure gas discharge plasmas, high-voltage insulation, and their applications. Prof. Fang has published more than 150 peer-reviewed journal papers and has been authorized for 35 Chinese invention patents. He is IEEE Senior Member, Member of IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society (NPSS), the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society and the IEEE Power and Energy Society, and Senior Member of the China Electrotechnical Society. He is also Chair of IEEE NPSS Nanjing Section Chapter.

Cheng Zhang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, in 1982. He received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, in 2011. Since 2011, he has been with the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, where he became Professor in 2022. From 2015 to 2016, he was Visiting Scholar with the Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. His current research interests include gas discharge and non-thermal applications. Dr. Zhang has published 100 peer-reviewed journal publications and authorized more than 20 Chinese parents. He has delivered 12 plenary/invited presentations in international conferences. He is IET Fellow, IEEE Senior Member, Member of the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society and the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society. He also serves as Broad Member and Associate Editor for 7 journals.

Danhua Mei was born in Qidong, Jiangsu, China, in 1985. He received double Ph.D. degrees in Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics from Xi'an Jiaotong University, China, and in Electrical Engineering and Electronics from the University of Liverpool, UK, in 2016. He worked as a postdoctoral researcher between June 2017 and August 2018. Since September 2018, he has been working at the College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, China, and became Professor in 2023. His current research interests include gas discharge plasmas and their applications. He has published 50 peer-reviewed journal papers and has been authorized for 11 Chinese invention patents. He has delivered 13 invited presentations in international and national conferences. He is Member of the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society, the IEEE Power and Energy Society, and the IEEE NPSS Nanjing Section Chapter, and Senior Member of China Electrotechnical Society.

Shuai Zhang was born in Anyang, Henan, China, in 1988. He received the M.S. and the Ph.D. degrees in plasma physics from the Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, in 2012 and 2016. He is currently Associate Researcher at the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His current research interests focus on nanosecond pulsed discharge, non-thermal plasma, and plasma diagnosis, plasma chemistry. He is Member of Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences, lEEE Senior Member, Member of the lEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society, and Senior Member of China Electrotechnical Society.

Inhalt

Intro
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Part I Basic Process, Diagnosis and Simulation in Plasmas
1 Research on a Self-balancing Pulsed AC Corona Ionizer
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Structure of the Pulse High-Voltage Ionizer
1.3 Main Circuit Design
1.3.1 The Principle of the Main Circuit
1.3.2 Royer Oscillator Circuit
1.3.3 Voltage Doubling Rectifier Circuit
1.4 Adjustment Control Method
1.4.1 Improved Buck Circuit Operating Principle
1.4.2 Digital PWM Generation
1.4.3 Incremental PI Adjustment
1.5 Experiment
1.5.1 Pulsed AC High Voltage Power Supply Test
1.5.2 Performance Tests of Ionizer
1.6 Conclusion
References
2 Characteristic Analysis of Intermediate Frequency Vacuum Arc Based on Stereo Vision Technology
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Experimental System
2.3 Experimental Phenomena
2.3.1 Extinguishing of Intermediate Frequency Vacuum Arc
2.3.2 Post-arc Breakdown of Intermediate Frequency Vacuum Arc
2.4 Process Analysis of Post Arc of Intermediate Frequency Vacuum Arc
2.4.1 Calculation of Arc Pressure Gradient
2.4.2 Mapping of Arc Plane Coordinate System into Spatial Coordinate System
2.4.3 Post Arc Pressure and Metal Evaporation of Intermediate Frequency Vacuum Arc
2.5 Conclusion
References
3 The Effect of Various Coil Parameters on Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactor: A Numerical Simulation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Model Description
3.2.1 Electromagnetic Field Equation
3.2.2 Flow Field and Temperature Field Equations
3.2.3 Establishment of Theoretical Model
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.3.1 The Effect of Coil Numbers of ICP
3.3.2 The Effect of Coil Distance of ICP
3.3.3 The Effect of Coil Radius of ICP
3.4 Conclusion
References
4 A Simulation Model for Dielectric Barrier Discharge Considering Finite Trap Density
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Numerical Simulation Model
4.2.1 Model Equation
4.2.2 Boundary Condition
4.2.3 Calculation of Secondary Electrons Emission Coefficient
4.3 Results and Discussion
4.4 Conclusion
References
5 Investigation on the Discharge Characteristics of Multi-Channel Spark Plasma Jet and Its Triggered Gas Switch
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Experimental Setup and Theoretical Model
5.2.1 Experimental Setup
5.2.2 Theoretical Model
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.4 Conclusions
References
6 A PIC Simulation Method for Ultra-Long-Range Transport of High-Energy Charged Particle Beams
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Method
6.2.1 Initial Conditions for Beam Dynamics Simulation
6.2.2 Coordinate System Conversion of Particle Beam and External Electromagnetic Fields
6.2.3 Calculation of Self-Space Charge Field in S' System
6.2.4 Charged Particle Tracking
6.2.5 Results Expressed in Laboratory Coordinate System
6.2.6 Scope of Application of the Method
6.2.7 Flow Chart
6.3 Examples
6.4 Conclusion
References
7 Influence of O2 on Thermophysical Properties of C4F7N-CO2 Arc Plasmas
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Calculation Method
7.2.1 Composition and Thermodynamic Properties
7.2.2 Transport Coefficients
7.3 Results and Discussion
7.3.1 Influence of O2 on Compositions of C4F7N-CO2 Arc Plasmas
7.3.2 Influence of O2 on Thermodynamic Properties of C4F7N-CO2 Arc Plasmas
7.3.3 Influence of O2 on Transport Coefficients of C4F7N-CO2 Arc Plasmas
7.4 Conclusion
References
8 The Physicochemical Properties of Pure Water Treated by DBD Reactor Packed with Porous Foam Ceramic
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Experimental Methods
8.2.1 Experimental Setup and Platform
8.2.2 Active Substance Detection Methods
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.1 Discharge Characteristics
8.3.2 Characterization of Active Substance Production
8.4 Summary
References
9 Determining a Collision Cross-Section Set from Electron Swarm Parameters Using Machine Learning Method
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Machine Learning Mothed
9.2.1 Neural Network Model
9.2.2 Preparing Training Data
9.2.3 Training Neural Network Model
9.3 Result Analysis
9.3.1 Prediction of Collision Cross Sections
9.3.2 Self-consistency of the Predicted Cross Section
9.4 Discussion
9.5 Conclusions
References
10 Numerical Simulation of 50 Hz/5 kHz Dual-Frequency Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Atmospheric-Pressure Air
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Numerical Modeling
10.3 Results
10.3.1 Characteristic of Voltage and Ampere Under the DF Excitation
10.3.2 Discharge Dynamic of the DF Excitation
10.3.3 Dielectric Surface Charge of the DF Excitation
10.4 Conclusion
References
11 A Design of Flexible Dielectric Barrier Discharge Device
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Models and Methods
11.2.1 Device Structure
11.2.2 Simulation Model
11.3 Results and Discussion
11.3.1 Equivalent Circuit Model
11.3.2 COMSOL Electrostatic Field Simulation
11.3.3 Parameters Calculation
11.4 Experimental Verification
11.4.1 Initial Discharge Voltage Verification
11.4.2 Discharge Mode Verification
11.5 Conclusion
References
12 Generations of Reactive Species Under High-Voltage Nanosecond Pulse Discharge in Gas-Liquid-Solid Three-Phase
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Devices and Methods
12.2.1 Experimental Device
12.2.2 Experimental Methods
12.2.3 Method of Regulating Solution Conductivity
12.2.4 Energy Efficiency Ratio Evaluation
12.2.5 Mechanism of Active Ingredient Generation
12.3 Experimental Results and Analysis
12.3.1 Active Ingredients and Water Content
12.3.2 Energy Efficiency Ratio and Water Content
12.3.3 Active Ingredients and Conductivity
12.3.4 Energy Efficiency Ratio and Conductivity
12.4 Conclusion
References
Part II Plasma Assisted Processing
13 An Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Gliding Arc Discharge in CO2 Dissociation with an Inlet Laval Nozzle
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Experimental Setup
13.3 Results and Discussion
13.3.1 Electrical Characteristics
13.3.2 Optical Characteristics
13.3.3 Thermal Characteristics
13.4 Conclusion
References
14 Novel Plasma Discharge Structure Driven Hydrogenation of CO2 at Room Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Experiment
14.2.1 Introduction of Experimental Equipment
14.2.2 Catalyst Preparation
14.2.3 Definition of Parameters
14.3 Results and Discussion
14.3.1 Effect of Voltage
14.3.2 Effect of CO2/H2 Molar Ratio
14.3.3 Effect of Flow Rate
14.4 Conclusion
References
15 Non-thermal Plasma Approach for Methane Partial Oxidation to Syngas and Value-Added Oxygenates Under Ambient Conditions
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Experimental Setup
15.3 Results and Discussion
15.3.1 Discharge Characteristics
15.3.2 Plasma Driven Partial Oxidation of Methane
15.3.3 Distribution of Liquid Productions
15.4 Conclusion
References
16 CH4 Reforming with CO2 in a Segmented Packed-Bed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Experimental
16.2.1 Experimental Setup
16.2.2 Analysis Methods
16.3 Results and Discussion
16.3.1 Effect of Packing Configurations on the Electrical Characteristics
16.3.2 Effect of Packing Configurations on Reaction Performance
16.4 Conclusion
References
17 Effect of Gliding Arc Plasma Reforming of Methane on Large-Bore Low-Speed Two-Stroke Marine Engine
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Experimental and Numerical Methods
17.2.1 Plasma Reforming System
17.2.2 Product Analysis Methods
17.2.3 Numerical Model of the Engine
17.3 Results and Discussion
17.3.1 Gliding Arc Plasma Reforming
17.3.2 Effect of Reforming Products on Engine
17.4 Conclusion
References
18 Plasma-Enabled Liquefaction of Cellulose and Lignin as Lignocellulosic Biomass Model Compounds
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Experimental
18.2.1 Materials
18.2.2 Experimental Setup and Processes
18.2.3 Material Characterizations
18.3 Results and Discussion
18.3.1 Liquefaction Yield
18.3.2 Elemental Analysis
18.3.3 FTIR Analysis
18.3.4 TG/DTG Analysis
18.3.5 GC-MS Analysis
18.4 Conclusions
References
19 Research on the Electrical and Hydrophobicity Properties of BN/RTV Composite Materials by Plasma Treatment
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Materials and Methods
19.2.1 Experimental Materials and Setup
19.2.2 Sample Preparation Process
19.3 Results and Discussion
19.3.1 Surface Potential Attenuation Test
19.3.2 Flashover Voltage
19.3.3 Pollution Flashover Voltage
19.3.4 Water Contact Angle Measurements
19.4 Conclusion
References
20 Preparation and Modification of Mesocarbon Microbeads Materials Using Magnetic Rotating Thermal Plasma Processing
20.1 Introduction
20.2 MRTP Principle, Development Status, and Technical Advantages
20.2.1 Development Status
20.2.2 MRTP Working Principle and Advantages
20.3 MRTP Plasma Treatment Test System and Its Composition
20.3.1 MRTP Plasma Source
20.3.2 Supporting Power Supply
20.3.3 Vacuum Chamber and Maintenance System
20.3.4 Water Supply and Gas Supply
20.3.5 Infrared Temperature Measurement
20.4 Experimental Study on MCMB Plasma Treatment
20.5 Comparative Analysis of MCMB Treated Experiments
20.5.1 Study on the Effect of Plasma on the Microstructure of MCMB
20.5.2 Study on the Effect of Plasma on the Graphitization Degree of MCMB
20.5.3 Plasma Treatment MCMB Specific Capacity Test
20.6 Subsequent Research and Planning
20.7 Conclusion
References
21 Synthesis of Alloyed Nanoparticles from Perovskite Oxide by Plasma
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Experimental
21.3 Results and Discussion
21.4 Conclusion
References
22 Effect of PDMS Concentration on the Flashover Voltage Improvement of Epoxy Resin by Plasma Modification
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Experiment Set Up
22.2.1 Sample Preparation
22.2.2 SDBD Discharge Experimental Platform
22.2.3 Characterization Methods
22.3 Experiment Results
22.3.1 Spectral Characteristics of SDBD
22.3.2 Water Contact Angle
22.3.3 Flashover Voltage
22.4 Discussion
22.4.1 Effect of Plasma Conditions on Surface Morphology
22.4.2 Effect of Plasma Conditions on Chemical Components
22.5 Conclusion
References
23 Application of Magnetic Rotating Thermal Plasma Method in Solid Waste Treatment of Fly Ash
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Composition of Assessment System
23.2.1 MRTP Device
23.2.2 Infrared Temperature Measurement System
23.2.3 Vacuum and Power Supply System
23.3 Fly Ash Treatment Experiment
23.3.1 Fly Ash Samples
23.3.2 Experiment Process
23.3.3 Plasma Action Temperature
23.4 Results and Analysis
23.4.1 Appearance and Crystal Phase Analysis
23.4.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis
23.4.3 Vitreous Content Analysis
23.4.4 Environmental Characteristics of Slag
23.5 Conclusion
References
24 Study on SF6 Degradation Scheme and Products Based on Thermal Plasma
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Experimental Platform and Methods
24.2.1 Experimental Platform
24.2.2 Product Evaluation Standards
24.3 Results and Discussion
24.3.1 The Effect of Different Carrier Gas Flowrates
24.3.2 Exploration of Degradation Products When H2 is Present
24.3.3 Exploration of Degradation Products When H2 is Insufficient
24.4 Conclusion
References
25 Experimental Study on the Effect of Glass Beads on DBD Degradation of Sulfuryl Fluoride
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Experimental Platform and Calculation Method
25.2.1 Experimental Platform
25.2.2 Calculation Method
25.3 Experimental Results
25.3.1 Electrical Parameters
25.3.2 DRE and EY
25.3.3 Product Analysis
25.4 Conclusion
References
26 Pulsed Gas-liquid Discharge Synergistic CuFe2O4 Stimulated Fenton Reaction for Tetracycline Degradation
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Experimental Setup
26.2.1 Plasma Generation System for Degradation
26.2.2 CuFe2O4 Preparation
26.2.3 Analytic Methods
26.3 Results and Discussions
26.3.1 Performance of PGLDP with CuFe2O4 Under Different Conditions
26.3.2 Synergetic Mechanism of PGLDP/CFO
26.4 Conclusions
References
27 Characteristics of Degradation and Product Precipitation of Phenolic Wastewater Enhanced by Ultrasonic Photocatalysis Combined with Discharge
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Experimental Device and Methods
27.2.1 Experimental Device
27.2.2 Analytical Methods
27.3 Experimental Results and Analysis
27.3.1 Generation of Reactive Species and Degradation of Organic Matter
27.3.2 Death of Reactive Species and Degradation of Organic Matter After Discharge
27.4 Conclusion
References
28 Study on Plasma-Activated Medium Adjuvant Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Human Endometrial Cancer Cells
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Experiment Setting
28.2.1 Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Generator
28.2.2 Activation Treatment
28.2.3 Cell Experimental Design
28.2.4 Evaluation of Biochemical Indicators
28.2.5 Data Processing
28.3 Experimental Results
28.3.1 Study of the Effects of Cisplatin Treatment of HEC and ISK Cells
28.3.2 Study of the Effect of PAM Treatment of HEC Cells
28.3.3 PAM Combined with Cisplatin Treating HEC Cells
28.4 Discussion and Analysis
28.5 Conclusion
References
29 Cold Atmospheric Plasma Activated Hydrogel and Its Biotoxicity
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Materials and Methods
29.2.1 Cold Plasma Device and Fabrication of CAP-Gel
29.2.2 Main Reactive Species Measurement
29.2.3 Temperature Measurement
29.2.4 Measurement of pH Value and ORP
29.2.5 Concentration of H2O2
29.2.6 Acute Oral Toxicity Test
29.2.7 In Vivo Bone Marrow Cell Chromosome Aberration Test
29.2.8 Statistical Analysis
29.3 Results
29.3.1 Characterization of Free Radicals
29.3.2 Temperature Changes
29.3.3 pH/ORP Value
29.3.4 H2O2 Concentration in CAP-Gel
29.3.5 Results of Acute Oral Toxicity Test
29.3.6 Results of Bone Marrow Polychromatic Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test
29.4 Discussion
29.5 Conclusion
References
30 Grape Preservation by Plasma Synthesized NO Fumigation
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Methods and Equipment
30.2.1 Experimental Materials and Equipment
30.2.2 Research Protocol
30.2.3 Principle of Plasma Synthesis of NO
30.2.4 High-Temperature Activated Carbon Enhances NO Conversion
30.2.5 Measurement Items and Methods
30.2.6 Power Supply Energy Detection and Calculation
30.2.7 Effect of Gas Flow State on NO Content
30.3 Results and Discussion
30.3.1 Fumigation Preservation Effect
30.3.2 Respiration Rate Analysis
30.3.3 Weight Loss Rate Analysis
30.3.4 Soluble Solids Content Analysis
30.3.5 Hardness Analysis
30.4 Conclusion
References
Part III High Voltage Insulation
31 Effects of Cross-Linking Density on the Breakdown Characteristics of Silicone Gels for Power Device Encapsulation
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Preparation of Specimens with Different Crosslinking Densities
31.3 Test Method for Crosslink Density
31.4 Effect of Crosslink Density on Breakdown Voltage of Silicone Gels
31.5 Conclusion
References
32 AC Surface Flashover Voltage Prediction of Epoxy Resin by Tree-Based Model
32.1 Introduction
32.1.1 A Subsection Sample
32.2 Experimental Setup
32.2.1 Experimental Data Acquisition
32.2.2 Machine Learning Algorithms
32.3 Results and Discussion
32.3.1 Data Visualization and Analysis
32.3.2 Prediction Results
32.3.3 Prediction Results with Feature Selection
32.4 Conclusions
References
33 Active Noise Control of Power Transformer Based on Time Series Forecasting
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Experimental Setup
33.2.1 Transformer Noise Analysis
33.2.2 Structure of Active Noise Control System
33.3 Time Series Forecasting Algorithms
33.3.1 Time Series Decomposition and Noise Reduction Filtering
33.3.2 Time Series Prediction Model Construction
33.4 Active Noise Control System Based on Time Series Forecasting
33.4.1 Software System Design
33.4.2 Hardware System Design
33.5 Conclusion
References
34 High-Temperature Energy Storage Dielectric with Double-Layer Deposition Structure
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Experimental Materials and Test Methods
34.2.1 Materials and Instruments
34.2.2 Preparation of Composite Films
34.2.3 Testing Instruments
34.3 Results and Discussion
34.4 Conclusion
Appendix
References
35 Electric Field Simulation Analysis of Typical Defects of Metal Particles in Main Insulation of Converter Transformer Based on Multi-physics Coupling
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Multi-Physics Field Coupling Model
35.2.1 Simulation Model of Converter Transformer
35.2.2 Electromagnetic-Fluid-Temperature Field Coupling
35.3 Simulation Analysis
35.3.1 Effect of Metal Particle Defects on Electric Field of Main Insulation of Converter Transformer
35.3.2 Effect of Different Metal Particle Radius on Electric Field of Winding End
35.3.3 Influence of Different Positions of Metal Particles on the Electric Field at the Winding End
35.3.4 Effect of Different Metal Particle Morphology on Electric Field of Winding End
35.4 Conclusion
References
36 Research on the Improved Installation of Pressure Relief Valves in Response to Internal Tank Pressure Increase
36.1 Introduction
36.2 Modeling Short Circuits in Transformer Tanks
36.2.1 Pressure Source Modelling
36.3 Fuel Tank Modeling and Pressure Relief Settings
36.3.1 Fuel Tank Geometry Model
36.3.2 Relief Valve Operation Condition Setting
36.4 Simulation Results and Analysis
36.5 Conclude
References
37 Modeling and Analysis of Deformation of Transformer Oil Tank Caused by Internal Increased Pressure
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Mathematical Model
37.2.1 Pressure Source Model
37.2.2 Mechanical Model of Oil Tank
37.2.3 Mechanical Properties of the Oil Tank
37.3 Transformer Simulation Model
37.4 Simulation Analysis
37.5 Conclusion
References
38 A Reduced Order Model for Arc Heat Transfer in Oil Based on POD-LSTM
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Methodology
38.2.1 Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)
38.2.2 Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
38.2.3 POD-LSTM
38.3 Case Study of 2D Arc Heat Transfer Model
38.3.1 Full Model of 2D Arc Heat Transfer
38.3.2 Comparison Between Full- and Reduced-Model
38.4 Conclusions
References
39 Research on Surface Charge Dissipation Characteristics of Epoxy Resin Insulation Materials Under Different Aging Conditions
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Test Platform
39.2.1 Test Platform
39.2.2 Object and Method
39.3 Result
39.3.1 Surface Charge Dissipation Rate
39.3.2 SEM
39.3.3 FTIR
39.4 Conclusions
References
40 Insulation Prediction and Descriptor Selection Based on Random Forest Algorithm
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Method
40.2.1 Why Need to Filter Descriptors
40.2.2 Determine Which Descriptors
40.2.3 Establishing the RF Model
40.3 Result
40.4 Conclusion
References
41 Molecular Electrical Strength Prediction Method Based on Machine Learning
41.1 Induction
41.2 Methods
41.2.1 Machine Learning
41.2.2 Quantitative Calculation
41.2.3 Molecular Descriptor Filtering
41.3 Result
41.4 Conclusion
References
42 Study on the Requirements for the 10 kV Voltage Transformers Considering Live Working
42.1 Introduction
42.2 Transient Process Analysis of Disconnected and Connected Voltage Transformer
42.2.1 Analysis of Transient Characteristics During Live-Line Disconnection and Connection of Electronic Voltage Transformers
42.2.2 Analysis of Transient Characteristics During Live-Line Disconnection and Connection of Electromagnetic Voltage Transformers
42.2.3 Ways of Connecting Voltage Transformers to the Primary System
42.2.4 Grounding Method of High Voltage Side of Voltage Transformer
42.3 Optimization Scheme Design of Transformer Live Disconnection and Connection
42.3.1 Inserting a Damping Resistor Between the Voltage Transformer and the Primary System
42.3.2 The High Voltage Side of the Transformer is Grounded Through a Resistor
42.4 Conclusion
References
43 Comparison of Insulation Performance Between PP and XLPE at 110 kV High Voltage Cable Joints Based on Electro-Thermal-Stress Coupling Simulation
43.1 Introduction
43.2 Simulation Model
43.3 Comparison of Physical Parameters Between PP and XLPE
43.4 Simulation Results
43.4.1 Electric Field Distribution
43.4.2 Thermal Field Distribution
43.4.3 Thermal Stress Distribution
43.5 Conclusion
References
44 Lifetime Estimation of Metalized Film Capacitor Based on Self-healing Properties
44.1 Introduction
44.1.1 A Subsection Sample
44.2 Samples and Tests
44.2.1 Ageing Test
44.2.2 SH Parameters
44.3 Test Results
44.4 Lifetime Estimation Model
44.5 Conclusion
References
45 Development and Evaluation of a Polarization/Depolarization Current Measurement Device for High-Voltage Cable Insulation Analysis
45.1 Introduction
45.2 Design of the PDC Measurement Device
45.3 PDC Measurement in XLPE Cable
45.4 Conclusions
References
46 Influence of Different Square Resistances of DC Support Capacitor Components on Their Self-healing and Withstand Voltage Performance
46.1 Introduction
46.2 Samples and Tests
46.2.1 Sample Preparation
46.2.2 Test Method
46.3 Results and Discussion
46.4 Conclusion
References
47 Influence of Phase of Multi-frequency Harmonics on Breakdown Characteristics of Polypropylene Film for High Voltage Shunt Capacitors
47.1 Introduction
47.2 Experimental Setup and Methods
47.2.1 Experimental Platform
47.2.2 Experimental Platform
47.3 Results and Discussions
47.3.1 Waveform of Experimental Voltage
47.4 Conclusion
References
48 A Simulation Study on Early Stage Thermal Runaway of Lithium Iron Phosphate Energy Storage Batteries Due to Overcharging
48.1 Introduction
48.2 Experimental Platform and Simulation Model in Lithium Iron Phosphate Monomer Battery
48.2.1 Research Object and Experimental Platform
48.2.2 Thermal Runaway Model of Lithium Iron Phosphate Monomer Battery
48.3 The Experimental and Simulation Analysis
48.4 Conclusions
References
49 Research on Breakdown Characteristics of PP Films for Shunt Capacitors Under Multi-frequency Harmonic Voltages Group
49.1 Introduction
49.2 Operating Condition and Experiment
49.2.1 Operation
49.2.2 Disintegration
49.2.3 Test Platform
49.3 Result and Discussion
49.4 Conclusion
References
50 Thermal Fractionation Technique to Evaluate the Effect of Microstructure Defects on Dielectric Properties of Polypropylene
50.1 Introduction
50.2 Experiment
50.2.1 Materials
50.2.2 SSA Methods
50.2.3 Electrical Characterization
50.3 Results and Discussions
50.3.1 Crystallinity
50.3.2 Electrical Properties
50.4 Conclusion
References
51 A Compact High Voltage DC Power Supply Design by High-Rate Lithium Batteries
51.1 Introduction
51.2 Single Battery Test
51.2.1 Capacity Test
51.2.2 Discharge Characteristic Test
51.3 Boost Circuit Design
51.3.1 Non-isolated DC-DC Converter
51.3.2 Isolated Resonant DC-DC Converter
51.4 Conclusion
References
52 Characteristics of Arc Discharge in Transformer Oil
52.1 Introduction
52.2 Experimental Parameter
52.3 Experimental Results and Analysis
52.3.1 Arc Resistance Model
52.3.2 Bubble Behavior and Dynamic Change
52.3.3 Gas Production Characteristics of Arc
52.3.4 Arc Pressure Characteristic
52.4 Conclusion
References
Part IV High Voltage Discharge and Applications
53 Particles from Electrodes with a Small Radius of Curvature During Pulsed Discharges in Air
53.1 Introduction
53.2 Experimental Equipment and Methods
53.3 Results and Discussion
53.4 Conclusion
References
54 The Design Method of an Electron Beam Expansion Device Based on Double Solenoid Lenses
54.1 Introduction
54.2 Designing Method
54.2.1 Magnetic Lenses Layout
54.2.2 Magnetic Field Simulation
54.3 Beam Transport Analysis
54.3.1 Intet Beam
54.3.2 Beam Simulation
54.4 Error Analysis
54.4.1 Energy Divergence Error
54.4.2 Assembly Error
54.5 Conclusion
References
55 Contour Detection Method for Electron Beam Spot Based on Random Walk, Active Contour, and Improved B-Spline Curve Fitting
55.1 Introduction
55.2 Feature Analysis Based on Electron Beam Spot
55.2.1 Contour Features
55.2.2 Roundness Features
55.2.3 Homogeneity Features
55.3 Experiment and Analysis of Electron Beam Spot Image Algorithm
55.3.1 Selection of Threshold Segmentation Method
55.3.2 Fusion of Canny Operator and FindContours Function
55.3.3 Active Contours
55.3.4 Spline Fitting
55.3.5 Experimental Results
55.4 Conclusion
References
56 Analysis of Reduced Graphene Oxide for Monitoring the Decomposition of HFO-1336mzz(?)
56.1 Introduction
56.2 Calculation Parameters
56.3 Results and Discussion
56.3.1 Optimal Adsorption Structure
56.3.2 Adsorption Performance Analysis
56.4 Conclusion
References
57 Study on the Metal Tip Partial Discharge in GIS with C4F7N/CO2/O2 Mixed Gas
57.1 Introduction
57.2 Waveform Analysis Method of Partial Discharge Signal
57.3 Experimental Platform
57.3.1 Non-Partial Discharge Test Power Source
57.3.2 GIS Model
57.4 Analysis of Partial Discharge Signal Characteristics in C4F7N/CO2/O2 Mixed Gas
57.4.1 Time Domain Analysis
57.4.2 Frequency Domain Analysis
57.4.3 Statistical Feature Analysis
57.5 Conclusion
References
58 Dynamic Characteristics of C4F7N-CO2 Arc Based on MHD Simulation
58.1 Introduction
58.2 A Two-Dimensional Arc Model of Environmentally Friendly SF6 Substitute Gas Based on Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
58.2.1 Control Equations
58.2.2 Two-Dimensional Arc Modeling Process for Environmentally Friendly SF6 Substitute Gas Based on Magnetohydrodynamics Simulation
58.3 Calculation Results and Analysis
58.3.1 Temperature Characteristics of the Arc
58.3.2 The Voltage-Current Characteristic of the Arc
58.4 Conclusion
References
59 Comparative Study on Post-arc Dielectric Breakdown Characteristics of C4F7N and C5F10O Gases Mixed with CO2
59.1 Introduction
59.2 Calculation of Boltzmann Equation
59.2.1 Principles of Calculation
59.2.2 Collision Cross-Section
59.2.3 Compositional Calculations Based on Gibbs Free Energy Minimization
59.2.4 Calculation Procedure of Post-Arc Insulation Breakdown Characteristics
59.3 Calculation Results and Comparative Analysis
59.3.1 Electron Energy Distribution Function (EEDF)
59.3.2 Reduced Ionization Coefficient and Reduced Attachment Coefficient
59.3.3 Critical Breakdown Electric Field (E/N)cr
59.4 Conclusion
References
60 GCMC Simulation of ZIF-68 Adsorption for C4F7N/CO2 and Its Decomposition Products
60.1 Introduction
60.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulation
60.2.1 Adsorption Model
60.2.2 GCMC Simulation
60.3 Results and Discussion
60.4 Conclusion
References
61 Formation of Diffuse Ionization Wave with Streamers
61.1 Introduction
61.2 Experimental Equipment and Methods
61.3 Results and Discussion
61.4 Conclusion
References
62 Analysis of Discharge Characteristics and Gap Factors of Large Electrode in Converter Station
62.1 Introduction
62.2 Test Layout and Results
62.2.1 Test Layout
62.2.2 Discharge Characteristic Curve
62.3 Analysis of Test Results
62.3.1 Critical Radius
62.3.2 Gap Factors
62.4 Conclusion
References
63 Study on Discharge Characteristics Between Damping Capacitors in Converter Valve at Different Altitudes
63.1 Introduction
63.2 Test Installation and Methods
63.2.1 Impulse Voltage Test Method
63.2.2 DC and AC Discharge Test Method
63.3 Analysis of Gap Discharge Characteristics of Damping Capacitors at Different Altitudes
63.4 Analysis on the Margin of Damping Capacitor Gap Withstand Voltage
63.5 Conclusions
References

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