Fundamentals of Optical Fiber Sensors

Name: Fundamentals of Optical Fiber Sensors
Brand: Wiley
Price: 107.99 EUR
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Zujie Fang Ken Chin Ronghui Qu Haiwen Cai(Autor*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

Erschienen am 1. August 2012

496 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS
CONTENTS
PREFACE
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Historical Review and Perspective
1.2 Classifications of Optical Fiber Sensors
1.3 Overview of the Chapters
References
2 FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTICAL FIBERS
2.1 Introduction to Optical Fibers
2.1.1 Basic Structure and Fabrication of Optical Fiber
2.1.2 Basic Characteristics
2.1.3 Classifications of Optical Fibers
2.2 Electromagnetic Theory of Step-Index Optical Fibers
2.2.1 Maxwell Equations in Cylindrical Coordinates
2.2.2 Boundary Conditions and Eigenvalue Equations
2.2.3 Weakly Guiding Approximation, Hybrid Modes, and Linear Polarized Modes
2.2.4 Field Distribution and Polarization Characteristics
2.2.5 Multimode Fiber and Cladding Modes
2.2.6 Propagation of Optical Pulses in Optical Fibers
2.3 Basic Theory of the Gradient-Index Optical Fiber
2.3.1 Ray Equation in Inhomogeneous Media
2.3.2 Ray Optics of GRIN Fiber
2.3.3 Wave Optics of GRIN Fiber
2.3.4 Basic Characteristics of Gradient Index Lens
2.4 Special Optical Fibers
2.4.1 Rare-Earth-Doped Fibers and Double-Cladding Fibers
2.4.2 Polarization Maintaining Fibers
2.4.3 Photonic Crystal Fiber and Microstructure Fiber
Problems
References
3 FIBER SENSITIVITIES AND FIBER DEVICES
3.1 Fiber Sensitivities to Physical Conditions
3.1.1 Sensitivity to Axial Strain
3.1.2 Sensitivity to Lateral Pressure
3.1.3 Bending-Induced Birefringence
3.1.4 Torsion-Induced Polarization Mode Cross-Coupling
3.1.5 Bending Loss
3.1.6 Vibration and Mechanical Waves in Fiber
3.1.7 Sensitivity to Temperature
3.2 Fiber Couplers
3.2.1 Structures and Fabrications of 2×2 Couplers
3.2.2 Basic Characteristics and Theoretical Analyses of the Coupler
3.2.3 N×N and 1×N Fiber Star Couplers
3.2.4 Coupling in Axial Direction and Tapered Fiber
3.3 Fiber Loop Devices Incorporated with Couplers
3.3.1 Fiber Sagnac Loops
3.3.2 Fiber Rings
3.3.3 Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometers and Michelson Interferometers
3.3.4 Fiber Loops Incorporated with 3×3 Couplers
3.4 Polarization Characteristics of Fibers
3.4.1 Polarization State Evolution in Fibers
3.4.2 Basic Characteristics of Polarization Mode Dispersion
3.4.3 Spun Fiber and Circular Birefringence Fiber
3.4.4 Faraday Rotation and Optical Activity
3.5 Fiber Polarization Devices
3.5.1 Fiber Polarizers
3.5.2 Fiber Polarization Controller
3.5.3 Fiber Depolarizer and Polarization Scrambler
3.5.4 Fiber Optical Isolator and Circulator
Problems
References
4 FIBER GRATINGS AND RELATED DEVICES
4.1 Introduction to Fiber Gratings
4.1.1 Basic Structure and Principle
4.1.2 Photosensitivity of Optical Fibers
4.1.3 Fabrication and Classifications of Fiber Gratings
4.2 Theory of Fiber Grating
4.2.1 Theory of Uniform FBG
4.2.2 Theory of Long-Period Fiber Grating
4.2.3 Basic Theory of Nonuniform Fiber Gratings
4.2.4 Inverse Engineering Design
4.2.5 Apodization of Fiber Grating
4.3 Special Fiber Grating Devices
4.3.1 Multisection FBGs
4.3.2 Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating
4.3.3 Tilted Fiber Bragg Gratings
4.3.4 Polarization Maintaining Fiber Gratings
4.3.5 In-Fiber Interferometers and Acoustic Optic Tunable Filter
4.4 Fiber Grating Sensitivities and Fiber Grating Sensors
4.4.1 Sensitivities of Fiber Gratings
4.4.2 Tunability of Fiber Gratings
4.4.3 Packaging of Fiber Grating Devices
4.4.4 Fiber Grating Sensor Systems and Their Applications
Problems
References
5 DISTRIBUTED OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS
5.1 Optical Scattering in Fiber
5.1.1 Elastic Optical Scattering
5.1.2 Inelastic Optical Scattering
5.1.3 Stimulated Raman Scattering and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
5.2 Distributed Sensors Based on Rayleigh Scattering
5.2.1 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
5.2.2 Polarization OTDR
5.2.3 Coherent OTDR and Phase Sensitive OTDR
5.2.4 Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry
5.3 Distributed Sensors Based on Raman Scattering
5.3.1 Raman Scattering in Fiber
5.3.2 Distributed Anti-Stokes Raman Thermometry
5.3.3 Frequency Domain DART
5.4 Distributed Sensors Based on Brillouin Scattering
5.4.1 Brillouin Scattering in Fiber
5.4.2 Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectrometer
5.4.3 Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analyzer
5.5 Distributed Sensors Based on Fiber Interferometers
5.5.1 Configuration and Characteristics of Interferometric Fiber Sensors
5.5.2 Low Coherence Technology in a Distributed Sensor System
5.5.3 Sensors Based on Speckle Effect and Mode Coupling in Multimode Fiber
Problems
References
6 FIBER SENSORS WITH SPECIAL APPLICATIONS
6.1 Fiber Optic Gyroscope
6.1.1 Interferometric FOG
6.1.2 Brillouin Laser Gyro and Resonance Fiber Optic Gyroscope
6.2 Fiber Optic Hydrophone
6.2.1 Basic Structures
6.2.2 Sensor Arrays and Multiplexing
6.2.3 Low Noise Laser Source
6.3 Fiber Faraday Sensor
6.3.1 Faraday Effect in Fiber
6.3.2 Electric Current Sensor Based on Faraday Rotation
6.4 Fiber Sensors Based on Surface Plasmon Effect
6.4.1 Surface Plasmon Effect
6.4.2 Sensors Based on SPW
Problems
References
7 EXTRINSIC FIBER FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETER SENSOR
7.1 Basic Principles and Structures of Extrinsic Fiber F-P Sensors
7.1.1 Structures of EFFP Devices
7.1.2 Basic Characteristics of a Fabry-Perot Interferometer
7.2 Theory of a Gaussian Beam Fabry-Perot Interferometer
7.2.1 Basic Model and Theoretical Analysis
7.2.2 Approximation as a Fizeau Interferometer
7.3 Basic Characteristics and Performances of EFFPI Sensors
7.3.1 Sensitivity of an EFFPI Sensor
7.3.2 Linear Range and Dynamic Range of Measurement
7.3.3 Interrogation and Stability
7.3.4 Frequency Response
7.4 Applications of the EFFPI Sensor and Related Techniques
7.4.1 Localization of the Sound Source
7.4.2 Applications in an Atomic Force Microscope
7.4.3 More Application Examples
Problems
References
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Mathematical Formulas
A1.1 Bessel Equations and Bessel Functions
A1.2 Runge-Kutta Method
A1.3 The First-Order Linear Differential Equation
A1.4 Riccati Equation
A1.5 Airy Equation and Airy Functions
Appendix 2 Fundamentals of Elasticity
A2.1 Strain, Stress, and Hooke's Law
A2.2 Conversions Between Coordinates
A2.3 Plane Deformation
A2.4 Equilibrium of Plates and Rods
A2.5 Photoelastic Effect
Appendix 3 Fundamentals of Polarization Optics
A3.1 Polarized Light and Jones Vector
A3.2 Stokes Vector and Poincar´e Sphere
A3.3 Optics of Anisotropic Media
A3.4 Jones Matrix and Mueller Matrix
A3.5 Measurement of Jones Vector and Stokes Vector
Appendix 4 Specifications of Related Materials and Devices
A4.1 Fiber Connectors
INDEX
WILEY SERIES IN MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING

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